May
1
IF YOU DON’T VOLUNTARILY PAY A PROPERTY TAX BILL, WHICH GOVERNMENT OFFICER HAS THE AUTHORITY TO CALCULATE ANY AMOUNT ALLEGEDLY DUE AND DEMAND THAT AMOUNT BE PAID?
Filed Under Adoption, Article II Section 1 Clause 8, CONSTITUTION, FREEDOM, LAW OF THE LAND, LEARNING THE LAW, Oath of Office, ORGANIC LAWS, PRESIDENTS, Property Taxes, PROPRIETARY POWER, Territorial Jurisdiction | Leave a Comment
If you can be forced to pay any amount of property taxes an assessor clams is due, you have no unalienable right to own property. Fail to pay property taxes and government will initiate a process that will eventually result in the loss of your property for the alleged non-payment of property taxes.
How can you avoid the total loss of your property for non-payment of property taxes? You must, of course, take your property out of the United States. Placing yourself and your property within the United States is a voluntary act of enfranchisement whereby you declare yourself to be a citizen of the United States.
The United States is the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America, so, any property, real or personal, left on government land is subject to government regulation, taxation and even confiscation.
Even the most casual reader of these Posts will be able to bring together from these Posts the events and the dates of those events which allowed George Washington to establish, in America, the first democratically elected military dictatorship. It doesn’t matter what local elective office is being contested the top office of President of the United States will always go to a dictator.
By combining in a presumed Office of the President the two Offices of President of the United States of America and President of the United States, and causing the misconception that the Constitution of September 17, 1787 had been adopted and was binding on government, George Washington made that illusory Constitution the supreme law of a mythical land ruled by subordinate State governors who were themselves democratically elected State dictators. All State governors duplicate the power grab initiated by George Washington on April 30, 1789, when Washington took the oral oath to be President of the United States. Since the ratification and establishment of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, governors have been democratically elected by the people who claim to be citizens of the United States. These popularly elected governors operate just like the person in the federal Office of President of the United States. Governors are the heads of those United States and the heads of State government.
There is no source of civil government power for free people as their power of self government is their freedom, which is unalienable. Questioning the credentials of all government officials who claim the sovereign powers of government will result in a proof such powers are limited to the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America. The so-called Founding Fathers realized this truth soon after the defeat of King George III, but kept that fact to themselves while they plotted to take power from the people. My “Basic Course in Law and Government” is the only instruction in law and the structure of government based in the Organic Laws of the United States of America, which are yours for the asking along with information on my $50 trial instruction offer. To get both, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Mar
27
You be the judge: Is Fox News Andrew Napolitano correct when he claimed, today, that President Obama took an oath “to uphold the laws?”
Filed Under Adoption, Article II Section 1 Clause 5, Article II Section 1 Clause 8, CONGRESS, CONSTITUTION, Electoral College, LEARNING THE LAW, Oath of Office, OBAMA, Presidential Elector, PRESIDENTS | Leave a Comment
On January 8, 2009, the Electoral College votes were counted in Congress and Barack Hussein Obama was declared to be the forty-fourth President of the United States. On November 6, 2012, Barack Hussein Obama won the popular vote and was declared a reelected President of the United States. On January 4, 2013, Congress counted the Electoral College votes and declared Barack Hussein Obama to be elected President of the United States and on January 20, 2013 he took this oath: “I, Barack Hussein Obama, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”
George Washington, the first President of the United States took this oath of office on April 30, 1789: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”
Washington became a President of the United States of America on April 6, 1789, when Congress counted the votes of the Presidential Electors. He may have been the first President of the United States, but he was nowhere near being the first President of the United States of America. Washington was the first President of the United States of America with executive power and the first to combine the two offices of President of the United States of America and President of the United States.
Article I of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was intended to be a permanent new Union of States awaiting qualification to join “the Union,” the Confederacy, the United States of America, however, the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was written so that office of President of the United States of America could not be filled until after July 4, 1790, in that the person in the Office of President of the United States of America had to be “fourteen Years a Resident within the United States,” a qualification which could not be fulfilled until after July 4, 1790.
Apparently, taking the oath and Office of President of the United States precluded George Washington from later taking the Article VI oath which required “all executive and judicial officers” to “be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution,” because neither he nor any other President has taken any other oath after being declared the winner of the Electoral vote.
The many references to “this Constitution” in the Constitution of September 17, 1787 effectively distinguished that Constitution from the Constitution of the United States, which was established, according to Article VII, when nine States ratified “this Constitution.” George Washington rejected “this Constitution” and adopted the Constitution of the United States when he took an oral oath to “preserve, protect and defend” it instead of being “bound by Oath or Affirmation to support this Constitution.”
Clearly, the language of the written Constitution of September 17, 1787 makes the existence of more than one Constitution a certainty and the historical record settles the issue—the oath of office of the President of the United States has nothing whatsoever to do with “upholding the laws.” The second clause of Article VI fixes the focus of the Sixth Article of “this Constitution” on “the Laws of the United States, as the “the supreme Law of the Land” and the binding of all State Judges to that law, while the only oath taken by all 44 Presidents is totally silent on the subject of law.
The conclusion is simple: no President of the United States has ever taken an oath or affirmation “to uphold the laws.” Fox News legal expert is just the latest victim of the myth that members of government take oaths to uphold the constitution and the laws. Don’t you fall for media propaganda learn to read the Constitution and the three Organic Laws of the United States of America—the secret to freedom. For your own set of Organic Laws and information about the only law school devoted to the education of free men and women, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Mar
18
THE PRESIDENT LIES: “I am not a dictator, I’m the President,” Obama told reporters Friday, March 1st
Filed Under Article II Section 1 Clause 5, Article II Section 1 Clause 8, CONSTITUTION, Electoral College, Oath of Office, OBAMA, Presidential Elector, PRESIDENTS | Leave a Comment
The truth is Barack Hussein Obama is a dictator. A dictator is both head of state and head of the government, which includes the military. All monarchs can be dictators. Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin and the late President of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez were all dictators by virtue of being the heads of state and the heads of government of their respective countries. His title is “President.” He occupies two Offices. President Barack Hussein Obama is a dictator because he is both President of the United States and President of the United States of America.
For a second time, Barack Obama automatically became the Article II President of the United States of America on January 4, 2013, when the Electoral College votes were counted by Congress. The United States of America is the name of the Confederacy of 50 States first established when the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 were fully ratified on March 1, 1781. All federal civil and criminal prosecutions in federal courts are brought in the name of the Confederacy, the United States of America.
On January 20, 2013, Barack Hussein Obama took the oral oath to the Office of President of the United States which is the head of the government created by Article I of the Constitution of September 17, 1787. That oral oath is placed in Article II of Constitution of September 17, 1787 in order to permit Presidents like George Washington and Barack Hussein Obama to assume dictatorial powers without notice.
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Mar
8
Why is there no hope for justice in American courts? All so-called judicial courts are in fact legislative courts set up to validate and perpetuate government legislation and to facilitate the collection of taxes.
Filed Under Article II Section 1 Clause 8, Articles of Confederation, CONSTITUTION, Declaration of Independence, IMPEACHMENT, LEARNING THE LAW, Northwest Ordinance, Oath of Office, PRESIDENTS, Territorial Jurisdiction | Leave a Comment
There are three oaths in the Constitution of September 17, 1787: 1. Senators take an oath before they try a legislative impeachment and because impeachment is a legislative process the exact wording of the oath is left to Congress. 2. The person taking the Office of President of the United States must, before taking that Office, take by oath or affirmation the oath to that Office expressly required by the Constitution of September 17, 1787. Because the Constitution of September 17, 1787, also, imposes no qualifications for the Office of President of the United States, George Washington was able to be both the Article II President of the United States of America and President of the United States simply by orally taking the following oath: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.” 3. Article VI, Clause 3 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 imposed this oath on everybody else in government with the exception of the President of the United States:
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
What was the Article VI, Clause 3 oath? A simple signed “I swear (or affirm) to support this Constitution” on a copy or last page of “this Constitution” would have sufficed. No such written oath or affirmation exists. George Washington’s signature appears on the original Constitution of September 17, 1787, however, as he signed the document before this Constitution was ratified according to Article VII, his signature does not constitute an oath or affirmation “to support this Constitution.”
George Washington and the so-called Founding Fathers fooled the American people. The signatures on the Constitution of September 17, 1787 including George Washington’s didn’t mean anything other than it was their submission. The oral oath Washington took was only good enough to require Bills passed by Congress to be presented to him for his approval or his objections. The office of President of the United States of America was vested with the executive power not the President of the United States.
One of the Bills Washington signed proves the present federal court system has no real judicial powers. Section 8 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 requires federal Justices and judges to take an oath or affirmation which does not comply with the requirements of Article VI Clause 3:
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That the justices of the Supreme Court, and the district judges, before they proceed to execute the duties of their respective offices, shall take the following oath or affirmation, to wit: “I, A. B., do solemnly swear or affirm, that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent on me as, according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the constitution, and laws of the United States. So help me God.”
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was enacted on September 24, 1789. The first act of the First Congress was dated June 1, 1789 and its purpose was to create a new legislative oath of office pattered after the oral oath George Washington took to become President of the United States. The new legislative oath would replace the Article VI, Clause 3 oath or affirmation “to support this Constitution,” when the Constitution of September 17, 1787 failed to be adopted because no President or member of Congress would be bound by an Article VI, Clause 3 oath.
The Constitution of September 17, 1787 should be and is the textbook example of federal legal legerdemain in my law course, the “Basic Course in Law and Government.” The Constitution of September 17, 1787 refers to itself as “this Constitution” about a dozen times and only once in the oath of office of the President of the United States is there a reference to “the Constitution of the United States.” It is clear that the constitutional creation of an oral oath for a President of the United States was really to hide the inauguration of the new Union of dependent federal States, which was begun with the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.
The legislative creation of an oath of office for “the justices of the Supreme Court and the district judges,” which ended with “So help me God” was the clearest statement possible that the “United States” would be an entity consisting of the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.
The United States Supreme Court and the lower federal courts no longer provide copies of the oaths of Office of Justices and judges after it was discovered that these oaths showed these offices to be territorial. The oaths of office of State, county and local will show that they too are federal territorial “judges.” You can and should demand copies of the oaths of “judges” who might someday try to assert judicial authority over you.
There is no education greater than the one you will get by enrolling in my “Basic Course in Law and Government.” Government and government schools will only teach what government wants you to know. For a limited time, you can learn before you enroll. For a non-refundable $50, you can get all the materials my first Students had to pay $500 to get. Contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com for all the details and copies of the Organic Laws of the United States of America, the foundation for all written law in America.
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Mar
6
If the United States of America was born on the Fourth of July 1776, when and where was the United States, the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America, born?
Filed Under Adoption, Article II Section 1 Clause 8, Articles of Confederation, CONSTITUTION, Northwest Ordinance, Oath of Office, ORGANIC LAWS, PRESIDENTS | Leave a Comment
The thirteen American States declared their separation and independence from King George III in the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776.
The first Union of the newly declared free and independent States, the Confederacy, was created when Maryland on March 1, 1781 became the thirteenth State to ratify the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.
A temporary second Union of dependent States comprising the Northwest Territory was created by the United States in Congress assembled when it enacted the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787. That Union was made permanent by the Constitution of September 17, 1787 on June 21, 1788, when New Hampshire became the ninth State to ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787.
According to Article VII of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, “The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.” The ratification by the ninth State occurred on June 21, 1788, so that is the date of the birth of the United States, the territory of the Union owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.
The current President of the United States, Barack Hussein Obama, took this oral oath on January 20, 2013: ““I, Barack Hussein Obama , do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.” That oath made President of the United States Obama the employee of the entity with the exclusive legislative power over and possessory interest in the United States.
Ratification of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 by the States bound those States to that Constitution, however, the failure of any President or member of Congress to be bound by an Article VI oath or affirmation “to support this Constitution” reduced the United States to a corporation wholly owned by the United States of America
I need Students who want to learn the incontrovertible facts disclosed in these Posts, so they can teach government employees limited government. Anyone with $50 can try the complete “Basic Course in Law and Government ,“ for which my first Students paid $500. Every new Student must have the Organic Laws of the United States of America, so you get these in a computer searchable just for the asking. To get the Organic Laws and enrollment information contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Mar
4
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ACCORDING TO GOOGLE
Filed Under Article II Section 1 Clause 8, Articles of Confederation, CONGRESS, CONSTITUTION, Oath of Office, Presidential Elector, PRESIDENTS, Territorial Jurisdiction | 1 Comment
My “Basic Course in Law and Government,” the legal education course I devised to teach the written law and government, explains how George Washington took over government and caused the English common law to be replaced by government created written law.
How did Washington pull this off? Very simply, George Washington invented the “inauguration” as a presidential coronation. This is what Washington did: First, he got himself elected to the highest office created by the Constitution of September 17, 1787, the Office of President of the United States of America. Article II, Section 1, Clause 1 vests the executive power of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 in that office: “The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows”
What followed was the forerunner of the current “Electoral College” system of electing the President of the United States of America, except no one knows the Electoral College is actually electing “a President of the United States of America.”
This is why no one knows the Electoral College elects “a President of the United States of America” instead of “the President of the United States,” George Washington was elected President of the United States of America, when the electoral votes were counted in Congress on April 6, 1789. According to the Constitution of September 17, 1787 Washington became President of the United States of America when the results of the votes were disclosed in Congress. Washington could have refused the office of President of the United States of America, but he said nothing. He said nothing about refusing the office. He did say let’s an inauguration on the day before May Day, an important date in Freemasonry.
On April 30, 1789 George Washington took this oath: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”
Did you catch what George Washington did? Washington was elected to the office of President of the United States of America, which was filled when no objection was made by the person elected. At the time George Washington took the oral oath of the office of President of the United States, Washington legally occupied the office of President of the United States of America, so he was free to take the employment of President of the United States, as the Constitution of September 17, 1787 imposed no qualifications on the person who would occupy the Office of President of the United States. The job description of a dictator is that of a person who is both the head of State and the head of the government including the military. George Washington became the first American dictator and every president since has followed his example.
Our State and nation is the United States of America, the Confederacy of 50 States retaining their sovereignty, freedom and independence under the authority of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777. The government of the United States of America is limited to the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.
The initials POTUS stand for the President of the United States, the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America, which is a much smaller place than the United States of America the home of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, Article IV free inhabitants. The Confederacy of States retaining their sovereignty, freedom and independence has been minimized by Google to no greater significance than an alternative rock band that have appropriated for themselves the name” Presidents of the United States of America.”
According to Google, the President of the United States is the leader of the free world and the President of the United States of America is just one of the musicians in a rock group. You don’t believe me? Google “potusa.”
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Feb
27
THE EASY IMPEACHMENT: THE IMPEACHMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES BARACK HUSSEIN OBAMA
Filed Under Articles of Confederation, CONSTITUTION, Declaration of Independence, IMPEACHMENT, Northwest Ordinance, ORGANIC LAWS, PRESIDENTS | 1 Comment
Only my Students know how easy it would be to impeach Barack Hussein Obama, if the impeachment is limited to the office of President of the United States. The only condition imposed by the Constitution of the United States on such an impeachment is found in Article I Section 3 Clause 6: “The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.”
Why are there no other constitutional conditions placed on the impeachment of the President of the United States? The office of President of the United States is the highest employee in the federal government, who like the chief executive officer of a corporation, must be fired according to certain written rules. The President of the United States of America, the head of State of the United States of America, according to the Constitution of the United States, may only be impeached pursuant to Article II Section 4: “The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors.” Not only does the Constitution provide for the easy impeachment of the President of the United States it is proof the two offices were intended to be separate.
My new Students, who successfully complete my “Basic Course in Law and Government” and who want to see an immediate improvement to all governments in the United States of America, may obtain my letter to members of Congress which explains the benefits of an impeachment of the President of the United States.
Becoming an immediately successful Student of the Law has never been easier or more affordable. You can sample the $500 “Basic Course in Law and Government” for a non-refundable $50. Do you have what it takes to successfully learn the law?
If you have read this far, you have the reading ability necessary to understand the documents which are the foundation for the written law in the United States of America. You can have the four Organic Laws of the United States of America for the asking. The Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 and the Constitution of September 17, 1787, in a computer searchable format, are yours, when you contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Feb
21
THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO GOVERNMENT POWER TO TAX YOUR PROPERTY
Filed Under Articles of Confederation, CONSTITUTION, Declaration of Independence, LEARNING THE LAW, Northwest Ordinance, ORGANIC LAWS, PRESIDENTS, Property Taxes, PROPRIETARY POWER, State of California, Territorial Jurisdiction | Leave a Comment
The Office of the Los Angeles County Tax Assessor makes this bold claim on its website: “State law mandates that all property is subject to taxation unless otherwise exempted. Your property taxes support necessary services provided to the residents of Los Angeles County. These include law enforcement, fire protection, education, parks and recreation, and other vital services.”
To what state law does the LA Tax Assessor refer?
CALIFORNIA CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE 13 TAXATION
SEC. 1. Unless otherwise provided by this Constitution or the laws of the United States:
(a) All property is taxable and shall be assessed at the same percentage of fair market value. When a value standard other than fair market value is prescribed by this Constitution or by statute authorized by this Constitution, the same percentage shall be applied to determine the assessed value. The value to which the percentage is applied, whether it be the fair market value or not, shall be known for property tax purposes as the full value.
(b) All property so assessed shall be taxed in proportion to its full value.
What doesn’t the Assessor tell you?
The Assessor doesn’t explain why only personal property located within the federal territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America might be subject to forced taxation. The government of the State of California within California is the only one which has been authorized by Congress to tax property within the State of California, however, because the State of California is the designation for the federal territory, within California, owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America, only non-federal personal property can be taxed. Before admission into the second Union, a State must promise not to tax federal property, which leaves only the personal property not owned by the United States of America subject to property taxation.
CALIFORNIA CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE 3 STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SEC. 1. The State of California is an inseparable part of the United States of America, and the United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
The above sentence means the State of California is the same kind of federal territory made a permanent part of the Confederacy by Article 4 of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787, so only non-governmental personal property located on the federal territory within California is taxable.
Joining the Confederacy under the authority of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 did not require any transfer of territory within that State. Territory claimed by a State of the first Union, the United States of America, which had been ceded to the Confederacy became a permanent part of the Confederacy pursuant to Article 4 of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787. The Northwest Territory was comprised of what would be the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota, so it can readily be seen how the term “United States” would come to mean the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America. The territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America is also “the United States Constitution” George Washington swore to “preserve, protect and defend.”
Once the American people freed themselves from the British tyrant, King George III, only force could openly subject them to the same kind of blatant tyranny. The Confederation Congress, George Washington and the politicians of the time managed to re-install the same kind of government which had been expelled by a violent revolution, without firing a shot.
Using trickery and deceit, it only took a few Americans, who could keep a secret, led by George Washington to replace American freedom with one onerous central government. My “Basic Course in Law and Government” explains how George Washington created the American Presidential dictatorship and my “Advanced Course in Law and Government” helps Students achieve near total freedom. A $50 trial version of the $500 Basic Course in Law and Government along with the Organic Laws is still available by contacting me at edrivera@edrivera.com
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Feb
6
HOW GEORGE WASHINGTON AVOIDED BEING BOUND TO THE WRITTEN CONSTITUTION
Filed Under Article II Section 1 Clause 8, Articles of Confederation, LAW OF THE LAND, LEARNING THE LAW, Oath of Office, PRESIDENTS, PROPRIETARY POWER | 1 Comment
First, get a written Constitution and find within that document all the direct references to the written Constitution. If you start at the beginning, you might think the first reference would be in the Preamble: “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” “This Constitution for the United States of America” is a reference to the written Constitution, but the Preamble is not part of the Constitution.
Now, see how many references to a written constitution you can find in the Constitution of September 17, 1787.
George Washington avoided being bound to the written Constitution by orally swearing this oath: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”
Before noon on April 30, 1789, George Washington had been President of the United States of America since April 6, 1789, without ever taking or subscribing any oath of office, because the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 was binding only on the member confederate States. The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 created a temporary government for the United States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota and the Constitution of September 17, 1787 made that government permanent for those States and future United States. When George Washington, the Senators and Representatives failed to subscribe the Article VI oath to be bound “to support this Constitution,” what should have been a government continued as a corporate business enterprise.
To continue your education, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera
Jan
23
WHAT IS THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF TAKING AN OATH OR AFFIRMATION AND BEING BOUND BY OATH OR AFFIRMATION?
Filed Under Article II Section 1 Clause 8, Electoral College, IMPEACHMENT, Oath of Office, ORGANIC LAWS, Presidential Elector, PRESIDENTS | Leave a Comment
When one has a question about the Constitution of September 17, 1787, ask George—George Washington. The hero of the American Revolution was President of the May 25, 1787 Constitutional Convention and the first President of the United States of America to be elected by Article II Section 1 Clause 2 Presidential Electors. George Washington was the first President of the United States of America to take the Article II Section 1 Clause 8 oral oath for the Office of President of the United States.
“George, why would you take the oral oath for the Office of President of the United States, on April 30, 1789, when you had been elected to another Office, President of the United States of America on April 6, 1789?” Washington never admitted or explained what he did or why he did it.
Let’s compare:
Constitution of September 17, 1787
Article II Section 1 Clause 8
Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:—“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”
With:
Constitution of September 17, 1787
Article VI Clause 3
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
The person who takes the Article II Section 1 Clause 8 oath of the President of the United States takes a job when he takes this oath. Note that the duties of the President of the United States are set out in Article I Section 7 and they are to sign bills he approves and to make his objections to those bills he disapproves. He also approves or disapproves Orders, Resolutions and votes, but that is the gist of the job and a job it is. If he doesn’t do a good job Congress can fire him by an Article I impeachment and the only condition of that impeachment is that another constitutional employee preside, the Chief Justice.
There are two oaths in the Constitution of September 17, 1787, because the President of the United States is an employee and persons in Article VI Clause 3 are not employees, at least not in the Constitution of September 17, 1787. They do become employees when they take and subscribe an oath enacted by Congress and signed by the President of the United States, but that is another story.
The Senators and Representatives, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, are the Officers to be bound by Oath or Affirmation to support this Constitution, if they subscribe their names to it, so they subscribe their names to George Washington’s Constitution of the United States.
George Washington was one of the deputies to the Constitutional Convention who subscribed his name in accordance with Clause 2 of Article VII: “done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,” so he and the entire Constitutional Convention knew the significance of a subscribed signature to bind an oath or affirmation.
This is not a contrived or convoluted interpretation of the Constitution of September 17, 1787; to get the rest of the story, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com I will e-mail you the four Organic Laws, which include the Constitution of September 17, 1787. For a limited time, you can sample my $500 “Basic Course in Law and Government” for $50.
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera