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A constitutional law expert claims that it will take decades to learn constitutional law.  By focusing on all the numbers and dates of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, I have reduced learning time to a few hours.   You can become a constitutional law expert by enrolling in my Basic Course in Law and Government.   

Before July 4, 1776, in America practically everyone except the Indians were British subjects.  On July 4, 1776 the United States of America was born and the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 was its birth certificate.  Almost immediately, work began on an instrument that would unite thirteen free and independent states into one perpetual Union.  The Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 was the instrument that united all thirteen States on March 1, 1781.

Between July 4, 1776 and March 1, 1781 an American could only legitimately claim State citizenship in one of the thirteen States.  After March 1, 1781, a person could claim all the privileges and immunities of a citizen of a State as a free inhabitant without being a citizen or a person could claim to be a Citizen of the United States.

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 formally recognized the status of Citizen of the United States, when New Hampshire became the ninth State to ratify and, thus, establish that Constitution.   The elections of Representatives and Senators were set, however, it would be impossible for any Senator to meet the Constitution’s nine Years a Citizen of the United States requirement until after March 1, 1790.  Newly elected Senators would still qualify as delegates under the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 and the nine States could function as the Committee of States under Article IX and X of the Articles of Confederation.

When the first Congress convenes on March 4, 1789 in New York City none of the Senators qualified to take the Article VI oath, so the preparation of a legislative oath was the first order of business.  This is how the Constitution of September 17, 1787 became the Constitution of the United States, which George Washington swore to “preserve, protect and defend.”  The Constitution of the United States covered a territory that amounted to the lands owned by the United States of America.  To learn more about what constitutes the United States and how to enroll contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera  

 

   

“This Constitution” is the Constitution of September 17, 1787, which was produced in secret sessions in Philadelphia beginning on May 25, 1787.

The Preamble, which is not an official part of “this Constitution” states that “this Constitution” is for the United States of America.  There are two United States of America: one of the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 and the other of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.

Incompetent historians and an unscrupulous legal profession have perpetuated government propaganda that alleges the Constitution of September 17, 1787 replaced the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, the second of the Organic Laws of the United States of America, which established the perpetual Union of the thirteen States that had signed the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, the first Organic Law.

Proof that the Constitution of September 17, 1787 neither replaced nor repealed the Articles of Confederation is found at the conclusion of the third Organic Law, the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.  At the end of the Ordinance, can be found the language of repeal, nullity and the voiding of the prior ordinance, the Resolution of April 23, 1784.  The absence of similar language in the Constitution of September 17, 1787 proves the Constitutional Convention consisting of many men trained in law never considered repeal of the Articles of Confederation.

The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 established a temporary government for the Northwest Territory, which was replaced by a permanent one to be found in Article I of the Constitution of September 17, 1787. On April 30, 1789, George Washington took the oral oath of office of the President of the United States making him both President of the United States of America and President of the United States.

The secrecy by which the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was created permitted Washington to pretend the office of President of the United States was bound by law “to support this Constitution.”  The only oath of office Washington ever took was to “”preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States,” which would only apply to the Northwest Territory and any others lands and property belonging to the United States of America.

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 became the Constitution for the United States of America, when nine States ratified “this Constitution.”  When George Washington took the oral oath to “preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States,” he accepted the employment of  administering the lands and other property belonging to the United States of America.

 To learn all the details of how the Constitution of the United States became the gospel of George Washington, you must enroll in the Basic Course in Law and Government, to do that contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

When the Sheriff of Bristol County, Massachusetts established a program to charge prisoners for their custody, the inmates sued the Sheriff in, Richard Souza & others v. Sheriff of Bristol County, Supreme Judicial Court-10508 January 05, 2010.  In deciding against the Sheriff, the court referred to an old volume that described the character and origin of the office of sheriff.

The office of the sheriff is one of considerable antiquity. The origin and earliest duties of the office is set forth in L.E. Hitchcock, Powers and Duties of Sheriffs, Constables, Tax Collectors, and Other Officers in the New England States § 4 (2d ed.1904), as follows:

“The office of Sheriff dates back to the early days of English history. Indeed it is sometimes claimed that it became a part of the government of England from the Roman law. As the people of England came gradually under one government the territory became divided, more or less arbitrarily, into counties; over each of which was placed an Earl, or Alderman; and this Earl, or Alderman, was supposed to be the ruler-subject of course to the King-over his county. But this Earl, from the privileges which he possessed and the duties which he was under in reference to his attendance upon the King, gradually ceased to exercise his powers himself, and they were in time delegated to an under-officer, called, in the Roman law, Vicecomes; in the Saxon tongue, Shire-reeve; or in the more modern terms, Sheriff. At first this under-officer, or Sheriff, was to administer the affairs of the county as the representative of the Earl; but in time his duties became more defined, and seem to have been fourfold,-as a Judge, as a Keeper of the Peace, as a Ministerial Officer, and as the King’s Bailiff.

“First, as a Judge. He held court and determined causes between parties wherein the value in dispute was not more than forty shillings, and also heard certain other civil causes. He was also the Judge of certain elections, and of the qualifications of voters.

“Second, as the Keeper of the Peace. Both by common consent and by special commission he became the first man in the county, and superior to all others while he continued in office. He had authority to apprehend persons for the commission of crimes or for breach of the peace, and it was his duty also to defend the county against all enemies of the King, and for this purpose he had power to summon all the people of the county to attend him. This summons every person over fifteen years old and not a peer was bound to obey upon warning.

“Third, as a Ministerial Officer. He was bound to execute all processes issuing from the King’s courts of justice. In the commencement of civil proceedings he had power to serve the writ, arrest and take bail, and, when the cause came to trial, to summon and return the Jury, and after the judgment to see that the same was carried into effect. In criminal matters, he had authority to arrest and imprison, to return the Jury, to have custody of the delinquent, and to execute the sentence.

“Fourth, as the King’s Bailiff. He was required to see that the rights of the King were preserved in his county, or bailiwick.”

All the sheriff’s power’s vanished when King George III was no longer the government in America.

 The English common law didn’t vanish because the common law is firmly and permanently imbedded in the English language.

The word “Sheriff” survived the passing of the king although the sheriff was as much a part of the nobility as the king and queen. 

The  ghost of sheriffs past has been putting families out of their homes for far too long.  A little learning is all it takes to put the sheriff in his place and out of yours.  Enroll.  Become a serious Student of the law and government.  Ask me how at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

The Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 did more than sever the political bands that had connected Americans with Great Britain, the mother country.  Independence freed men and women in America from all government not just the British King George III.

The English common law was not something they could get rid of even if they wanted.  The English common law is embedded in the language itself.  The administration of the common law was not automatic, because all government power was exercised through the king.

The king controlled justice by controlling the various writs that enabled the county sheriffs to enforce common law judgments.

Today, county sheriffs enforce court orders by a writ system that causes everyone to believe the English common law is still part of the written law system.  Use of the writs of possession and replevin, for example, is just a ploy to fool the legal profession that somehow English common law and written law are united.

English common law and written law are like oil and water immiscible.  The government’s written law has just appropriated  the common law writ nomenclature for a seamless transition from freedom to what we have today—complete government control.

Writs with funny names do not mean justice.  Writs are no more than court orders to a sheriff limited to the territory owned by the United States of America.  To get the whole story, enroll in the Basic Course in Law and Government, by contacting me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera               

The common law is so named because it is so much a part of the community that is also part of the oral language.  Do not fall for the Wikipedia/government propaganda that the common law was made by judges.  English common law had a history heavily influenced by the English monarchy’s administration of all legal matters in England, which accounts for the misconception that judges royally appointed made the common law.  If an act is so detrimental to the wellbeing of a community, it will be designated a crime and it will be given a name.  The people made an act a crime by giving it a name.  Similarly, merchants created contract law by custom and usage of the English language to fashion valid agreements.

The common law crimes were named long before the first colonists brought the English language and English common law to America.  Common law has continued to be the unwritten law in America, even as the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 announced the dissolution of the Political Bands, which once connected America with Great Britain.

Modern legal education has bastardized the teaching of law into an examination of the quirks of the judge’s mind rather than the proper separation of law into what is written and unwritten law.  Any student of the law must decide at the onset of his or her education, if a full examination of written and unwritten law will be made or if the student will follow the herd and examine only the law made pursuant to the Constitution of the United States.

You can start your common law education by looking in the a’s of any dictionary to find “abduction,” “arson” and “assault.”  Exhausting the a’s  the student can go on to the b’s and then all the way to the end of the dictionary.  For the student in a hurry to learn the common law, I recommend the index to any book on the common law.

The dictionary approach to learning basic law teaches the student that law has a very sensible and universal basis and what it isn’t basic and sensible is written law.   I teach my Students how to confine written law to government and the land owned by the United States of America.  To become one of those Students, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

      

The delegates to the May 25, 1787 Constitutional Convention were able to concoct a Constitution within a Constitution with such skill that their work would continue to deceive for more than two centuries and do so with such finesse as to be hailed as the greatest document of its kind.   The Framers of the Constitution were not taught law as it is taught in today’s law schools they learned law the old fashioned way they read the king’s law written in the king’s English and you can learn law the same way.

You can learn to think like the original Framers of the Constitution by unraveling with me and first hand their diabolical handiwork known worldwide as the Constitution of the United States.  If you will continue to read these Posts and the four Organic Laws of the United States of America: Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 and Constitution of September 17, 1787, you will ready to enroll in my Basic Course in Law and Government and get to the truth about both these subjects sooner than you thought possible.

Laws are of value only when they are true and correct for their purpose.   All written laws in America are known to be based on the authority of the Constitution of the United States as the supreme law of the land.   These Posts have shown the Constitution of September 17, 1787 to have been ratified and established between those States so ratifying, however, no evidence of an adoption of that Constitution by the government of the Confederacy exists.  Instead, the Constitution of the United States was adopted by George Washington, the first person elected President of the United States of America, when he took the oral oath of Office of President of the United States.

Washington’s adoption of the Constitution of the United States, by verbal oath, refers not to the written Constitution, but to the inventory of land assets assigned to the Confederacy, the United States of America, and his acknowledgment to be bound by the explicit employment contract contained within the Constitution of September 17, 1787 that was created when nine States ratified that Constitution.

You cannot possibly learn correct written law in any conventional way with every law school in the country teaching the Constitution is the supreme law of all the lands.  Read my Posts and prove to yourself that the Constitution of the United States is only the supreme law of the land owned by the United States of America then contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com to enroll as one of my Students.  

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

          

 

The State of California is an example of a modern political state, which was first devised by George Washington and the so-called Founding Fathers at the secret Constitutional Convention of 1787.  After the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 and the success of the War for Independence, American politicians slowly realized that few Americans would only consent to be governed, if deceived or threatened by some form of coercion.  Shays Rebellion supplied an imminent threat of anarchy and the result was the Constitution of the United States, which provides a State of a new Union completely controlled by a government of politicians.

A state consists of a large group of people who share a common territory, law and language.  When California was part of the Estados Unidos Mexicanos, the law and language was different from what they are today, but the territory was much the same.  The State of California went from a Mexican State to a State of the United States, while California remained unchanged except by its eternal earthquake activity.

In the coming crash of the government of the State of California there will be a tremendous opportunity for those who are prepared to replace old disreputable law with the more liberating English common law.   Government law has slowly replaced common law, but it cannot be repealed as it is contained within the English language.  With the collapse of the State of California comes the collapse of government law and the inevitable revival of English common law, unless unscrupulous politicians like George Washington intervene to take advantage of the crisis.

Only my Students know how George Washington engineered the overthrow of the free and independent States of America and plotted the substitution of the States of the United States.  The commercial enterprise known as the State of California is about to liquidate, don’t invest in the newer model of that old lemon that will surely be offered.   The Golden State will thrive under new management, if you arm yourself with the facts by enrolling in my Basic Course in Law and Government.  Contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com           

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

Wherever, under any law of the United States or under any rule, regulation, order, or requirement made pursuant to law, any matter is required or permitted to be supported, evidenced, established, or proved by the sworn declaration, verification, certificate, statement, oath, or affidavit, in writing of the person making the same (other than a deposition, or an oath of office, or an oath required to be taken before a specified official other than a notary public), such matter may, with like force and effect, be supported, evidenced, established, or proved by the unsworn declaration, certificate, verification, or statement, in writing of such person which is subscribed by him, as true under penalty of perjury, and dated, in substantially the following form:

(1) If executed without the United States: “I declare (or certify, verify, or state) under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed on (date). (Signature)”.

(2) If executed within the United States, its territories, possessions, or commonwealths: “I declare (or certify, verify, or state) under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed on (date). (Signature)”.

COMMENTARY BY Dr. EDUARDO M. RIVERA

The Organic Laws of the United States of America: Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 and the Constitution of September 17, 1787 establish that the place name “United States” refers to all the land owned by the United States of America, the Confederacy, or subject to power and jurisdiction of the United States of America.    

***

A document is executed when it is subscribed by the person who is to be bound by the contents of the document.  Section 1746 demonstrates why the oral oath required of the person who is to fill the Office of President of the United States is non-binding.

Enrolled Students get full versions of all Post.   To become a Student, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com   

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

September 24, 1789.
1 Stat. 73.

CHAP. XX.–An Act to establish the Judicial Courts of the United States.

SEC . 2. And be it further enacted, That the United States shall be, and they hereby are divided into thirteen districts, to be limited and called as follows, to wit: one to consist of that part of the State of Massachusetts which lies easterly of the State of New Hampshire, and to be called Maine District; one to consist of the State of New Hampshire, and to be called New Hampshire District; one to consist of the remaining part of the State of Massachusetts, and to be called Massachusetts district; one to consist of the State of Connecticut, and to be called Connecticut District; one to consist of the State of New York, and to be called New York District; one to consist of the State of New Jersey, and to be called New Jersey District; one to consist of the State of Pennsylvania, and to be called Pennsylvania District; one to consist of the State of Delaware, and to be called Delaware District; one to consist of the State of Maryland, and to be called Maryland District; one to consist of the State of Virginia, except that part called the District of Kentucky, and to be called Virginia District; one to consist of the remaining part of the State of Virginia, and to be called Kentucky District; one to consist of the State of South Carolina, and to be called South Carolina District; and one to consist of the State of Georgia, and to be called Georgia District.

 Section 2 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 is one of the early products of the Constitution of the United States, which proves the United States is the land in the United States of America owned by the Confederacy known as the United States of America.  Long before the Fourteenth Amendment claimed a person could be born in the United States and not just in one of the States of the United States, the Judiciary Act of 1789 had established two judicial districts in places that were not yet States of the United States of America.

 The judicial districts of Maine and Kentucky were on September 24, 1789 comprised of the same territory such districts are comprised of today—territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.  By ratifying the Constitution of September 17, 1787, the States of Massachusetts and Virginia had decided to make Maine and Kentucky part of the United States.     

 Section 2 speaks with absolute clarity: “That the United States shall be, and they hereby are divided into thirteen districts, to be limited and called as follows.”  The “United States” as territory has always been limited to territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.

 If you have had it with being a citizen of the United States, try something better.   The Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 offers all the privileges and immunities of citizenship without the hardship.  To learn how you can be a free inhabitant under the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

 Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

Every person should reflect, from time to time, on what that person has learned to that point in life.  If everyone went through that assessment, I think there would be a lot of unsatisfied people.  I get a lot of requests for information on enrollment in my Basic Course in Law and Government, but few inquirers enroll.  Unlike public schooling, the person who seeks private enlightenment must pay tuition.   That tuition is small and may be paid in manageable payments, but it still keeps many from knowing more about law and government, which is the only knowledge that will make you free.  

The Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 set all Americans free from the domination of others without consent.  Just as there is consent to marriage, there is consent to citizenship.  Voting, being a juror, paying taxes, obedience to written law are some of the ways consent to be governed is shown.  George Washington’s way forced the people to consent by creating the illusion that the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 had been repealed and replaced by the Constitution of September 17, 1787.

Finding out what happened to freedom in America after the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 and the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 is not free.   To find exactly what the cost of freedom is, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera  

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