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The basis of democracy is the notion of a representative government elected by a simple majority vote.  The age of majority in the Northwest Territory begins at age twenty-one and transitions to age eighteen in the Constitution of the United States.

The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 set forth a temporary government for that district and a property law for what would become the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.  These future States united by the promise of admission into the United States of America by legislative act of  Congress become the “United States” of  the United States of America.

These “United States” of the United States of America will be referred to as “this Union” in the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The United States of “this Union” will reduce the age of majority to eighteen years to distinguish “this Union” and these “United States” from “the Union” and the “United States of America.”   

Article 4 of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 explains the relationship of these “United States” to the Confederacy:  “The said territory, and the States which may be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of this Confederacy of the United States of America, subject to the Articles of Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled, conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of government, to be apportioned on them by Congress according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other States; “      

The eighteen years age of majority has been federal law since June 21, 1788, the date when New Hampshire became the ninth State to ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Students who take my Basic Course in Law and Government are learning how to prove beyond any doubt that federal law is limited to federal territory.  To become a Student, find the special offer I made on July 7, 2011 in the Post for that date.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

You have an obligation to know the most complicated law in the world—the tax law of the United States.  All law begins as a thought that controls, seeks to control or to explain that which cannot be controlled.  Taxation in America is presented by government as enduring and inevitable.  It is not.

Law was brought from Great Britain, the mother country, in both a written and unwritten form .  Most ancient societies combine both written and unwritten law in the form of one sovereign ruler.  Britain’s monarchs granted certain adventurers charters to establish colonies in America and the unwritten common law came along for the ride. 

Great Britain is the ancient society from which the United States of America separated by the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776.  The United States of America recognizes written and unwritten law in the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 and that document describes, generally, where each form of law is to apply.  Every modern society recognizes the validity of its own concept of unwritten law in a formal written law document; modern America does it in the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.

No one has ever claimed the Articles of Confederation attempts to tax anything but the States of that Union and that was unsuccessful.   After the Declaration of Independence, taxation was even less popular than before, because no one wanted to consent to be taxed and the equality of man made a legislated tax an impossibility. 

The settlers and inhabitants of the Northwest Territory were less equal than the people of the thirteen States of the Confederacy, so Article IV of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 made them subject to pay part of the federal debt and a proportional part of the expenses of the federal government. 

The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of government, to be apportioned on them by Congress according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other States; and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the district or districts, or new States, as in the original States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.   

The delegates who began meeting in secret in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787, prohibited to the States of this Union only certain taxes, which by implication sanctioned all others:

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.  Article I Section 10 Clause 2   

 

The States of the second Union could only impose the taxation that seemed to be permitted by the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The States of the Confederacy, the United States of America, were as anxious as George Washington and the Federalists to have the Constitution of September 17, 1787 ratified for without it the States would have neither the power to tax nor the power to legislate.

Parliament has the power to legislate and tax because over time the British sovereigns have conferred on the House of Commons and the House of Lords the powers of a king.  In America, the power of the English kings was lost when Great Britain was defeated at Yorktown.  George Washington regained those sovereign power s by taking control of  the United States of America on the strength of an oral oath.

My Students learn the fundamentals of law and government in my Basic Course in Law and Government.  My Advanced Students learn how to put what they have learned to personal practical advantage.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera             

I am looking for law and government students with only one prerequisite that they own real property encumbered with a claim of a lien arising out of State or federal law.  If you are such a person or know such a person, I want you or that person to contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Now that I have completed my research on the early history of the Organic Law of the United States of America, the Presidency, both Congresses of the United States and the Supreme Court I want to teach Americans enough law so they can make a clear break with the past.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera 

On April 30, 1789, when the sun was at its zenith and all eyes and ears were focused on the President Elect, George Washington took an oral oath to become Masonic Dictator and Commander in Chief of the United States.  Secretly implanted in the Constitution of September 17, 1787, this oath, when whispered by Washington, right hand raised and his left hand resting on a Masonic Bible, bound the States to Masonic law, while leaving Washington and the Masons free to build a government based on their Masonic beliefs.

Article VII of the Constitution provided that ratification by nine States shall be “sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States that had ratifying the Same.”  Masonic military rule began on June 21, 1788, when the State of New Hampshire satisfied Article VII by becoming the ninth State to ratify the Constitution.  Within days the State of Virginia would also ratify and by the next month the State of New York would be part of the “more perfect Union.”  The first Union created by the Articles of Confederation allowed the Masons little power.  With eleven States bound to the Constitution of September 17, 1787 and to the written “Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof,” all that remained for the Masons was a switch from an oath “to support this Constitution” to one supporting Masonic beliefs.

That switch came on the day set for the inauguration of the President of the United States, George Washington delivered America to the Masons by taking the following oral oath:

“I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”  “So help me God.”

A tall man, Washington then lowered his large frame and kissed the Masonic Bible upon which he had taken the only oath he would take as President of the United States, President of the United States of America, Commander in Chief and the first Masonic Dictator in America.

George Washington had switched from the Article VI oath, which required the person who took it to also subscribe his name, so that there would be a written record of his promise “to support this Constitution.”   Washington took an oral oath and refused “to support this Constitution,” by having Masons in the States elect him to the Office of President before he or any other person could qualify for that Office.  The Office of President required 14 years residency within the United States, which could not be met until after July 4, 1790.  The Office of President of the United States has no qualifications and no definite term and the Articles of Confederation requires no oath for the President of the United States of America.

The holders of legislative power, Congress of the United States and President of the United States, conspired to complete the bloodless coup by having all participants in American government swear an oath to the Masonic Constitution enacted as the first act of the First Congress.  The Constitution of September 17, 1787, had by then, been ratified by eleven of the original thirteen States, no President then and no President since has taken and subscribed the Article VI oath “to support this Constitution.” 

The Constitution of the United States is not a written document, so Washington’s spoken promise to “preserve, protect and defend” was only intended to enable the switch in oaths.  Washington’s oral oath is insufficient to bind him to the Constitution of September 17, 1787, which is a written document requiring a subscribed oath in order for it to be supported.  The written Constitution, so revered by the uninformed, remains an orphan for lack of any true support by the so-called government.  The States have ratified it in writing, but any subscribed oaths taken in the States will only support the Constitution of the United States, which will be written by George Washington and the Masons in Congress.

George Washington was a more likely God Father of his country, the Masons the wise guys and Freemasonry their code of conduct.   I need students to research and investigate further the secret role the Masons have played in American law, history and government.  To become a student, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera          

If there are two Congresses, it must follow that you have your choice of two Unions: perpetual or more perfect.  If you pick the perpetual “firm league of friendship” of the Articles of Confederation and the United States of America, you get no representation, because the style of the United States of America is a Confederacy, which is an organization of States not people.  The Articles of Confederation operates on States, but only to the degree that leaves them with their: sovereignty, freedom and independence, which means no taxation.  If you pick the more perfect Union of the United States, you can vote for an Elector pledged to a certain President of the United States, a Representative and two Senators, but you may have to pay taxes.

The Constitution of the United States makes the case for a Union more perfect than the one created by the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787, by integrating the Articles of Confederation and Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 into a new Organic Law called “this Constitution for the United States of America.”  The Confederacy of the United States of America then uses “this Constitution” to create a Constitution of the United States for the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America and Washington, D. C.

The basis for federal taxation is found in the second half of Article I Section 2 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787:

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumerations shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

 

    The House of Representatives shall chuse their speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.       

 

The Representatives and direct taxes which shall be apportioned by “a Congress of the United States” are limited to the several States, which were originally created by the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.  The States of the Northwest Territory, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and part of Minnesota are the several States of “this Union.”  The Congress of the United States has legislative power only over the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America. 

Ratification of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 by the original thirteen States is the authorization needed to create a State within a State.  The nine State ratification required by Article VII of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 satisfies Article IX of the Articles of Confederation with respect to the creation of a Committee of the States, henceforward to be called the Senate. 

What happened to the original thirteen States and the perpetual Union?  It, of course, still exists that’s what perpetual means.  The Union of the United States of America can be revived any time any of the 50 States of the perpetual Union decide against secession and return to the Organic Law.

If you are reading this post and wondering, “what is this guy talking about,” you haven’t read all the posts and you haven’t enrolled as a student.  You cannot become the second World’s Greatest Legal Mind without a teacher.  Contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera         

The Chief Justice is required by the Constitution of September 17, 1787 to preside at the impeachment of the President of the United States.  Imposing this duty on the Chief Justice makes the Chief Justice an employee, but that doesn’t make the Constitution of September 17, 1787 a contract.   The Constitution of the United States is the contract contained within the Constitution of September 17, 1787 that binds the employees of the federal government. 

Being an employee is defined as working for another for pay.   Employment is formed by contract, so the obligation to work is matched by the obligation to pay for the work.  The Congress of the United States utilized that part of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 that was not adopted, by an Article VI oath taking President and Congress of the United States to form more contracts till the statutes it enacted resembled real law .

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 is capable of creating both employees and government officers, provided all the Offices are filled and all the proper oaths are taken.  When nine States ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787, it is possible to establish a Government of employees, if George Washington will become President of the United States instead of the President of the Office of President, by taking the Article VI oath “to support this Constitution.”  Washington became an employee of the United States of America on April 30, 1789 and an employee government of the United States was formed using the un-adopted version of the Constitution of September 17, 1787.     

The Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court is an employee and the Associate Justices are employees of the United States Government.  The Congress of the United States created a statutory Supreme Court and statutory inferior courts in the Judiciary Act of 1789.  Section 8 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 contains a statutory oath for the judicial employees created by Congress.

Associate Justice David Souter is quitting because he is tired of his job and he is especially tired of Washington, D. C.  Do you suppose he knows that in all the years he was a Justice he was not a Judge of the “one supreme Court”?  When you enroll as a student, you will surely know more than all the members of the United States Supreme Court.  Justice Souter’s departure will generate a lot of speculation that you will miss unless you immediately enroll by contacting me at: edrivera@edrivera.com   

Have you figured out why there are two of everything in the Constitution of September 17, 1787?   Of all the Presidents in the Constitution, there is only one with the faint claim of sovereignty.  The President of the United States of America has the executive power under the Articles of Confederation.   All power under the authority of the Articles of Confederation was in the United States, in Congress assembled.

The States retained almost all of their power, when they delegated what can be found in the Articles of Confederation, to the United States, in Congress assembled.  Essentially, the States delegated their power to make war and decide on peace to the United States, in Congress assembled.  In Article II of the Articles of Confederation, each of the States retained its “sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right.” 

Employees of government are distinguished from the Officers of government who have the power and discretion to exercise some of the sovereignty of the state.  The United States of America, the Confederacy, was delegated only the power and right found in the Articles of Confederation, which has been universally recognized as inadequate.   The entire United States Government is without sovereign power.  

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

 

Mayday mayday mayday is an international distress signal, when combined with May 1, the date President of the United States Dwight Eisenhower, established as Law Day you get a current worldwide signal of distress about the sad state of the law.

While the Swine Flu is keeping much of the socialist world from marking May Day with critiques of capitalism and parades celebrating working men and women, the United States Government continues to claim it honors, President Eisenhower’s declaration that May Day symbolizes the “national dedication to the principle of government under laws.”

As America goes socialist, we should recognize how fast the rush to socialism could be brought to an abrupt halt, if we just put written federal law in its proper place.

Stop giving all your attention to Congress.  Local law is all written for territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.  Start asking your local county assessor and property tax collector if he or she knows the difference between what you own and the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera   

America has a secret government because Americans lost faith in themselves and then mistakenly trusted George Washington, a proud Mason, who knew the fine art of keeping secrets.   Today is the 220^th anniversary of the secret he took to his grave.  That secret is revealed here in greater public detail than ever before. 

The secret?  George Washington was never part of the government that was supposed to be established by the Constitution of September 17, 1787¾he became Chief Tax Collector and Federal Jailer for the first America Oligarchy.  After the first inauguration day, Americans didn’t know what hit them.   What was Washington doing collecting taxes and imprisoning those who thought they owed no taxes?  And what was Washington doing working for Congress after all Congress had the power to lay and collect taxes not the executive. 

On April 30, 1789, in New York, Washington nervously took the oral oath of Office in front of 10,000 people to officially become an employee of the government that was organized under the authority of the Articles of Confederation.  On that date, George Washington became the President of that huge bureaucracy called the United States Government.  By swearing to “preserve, protect and defend,” George Washington distinguished the “Constitution of the United States” from “this Constitution.”  From noon April 30, 1789 to the present “this Constitution” would cease to exist and will continue not to exist until properly adopted by a real President and a real Congress.  

Benjamin Franklin stated early on that the Constitutional Convention had sought to create a republic.  On April 30, 1789 George Washington initiated a Roman Republic complete with a Senate and he as Dictator.  The alleged creation of a republic made necessary the claim historians make that the Constitution of September 17, 1787 replaced the Articles of Confederation.  This substitution theory is just another lie started by Washington, Franklin and the other Founding Fathers.  

There are many Presidents in the Constitution of September 17, 1787 in the top three are the President of the United States of America, the President of the United States and the President that fills the Office of President.   That Constitution specifically provides for the election of the President of the United States of America by Presidential Electors, now known as the Electoral College, chosen by the States.  Once the President of the United States of America is elected he can take the Article VI oath of Office “to support this Constitution” and he will be both President of the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation and the President in the Article II Section 1 Clause 5 Office of President.   This was the plan understood by those delegates to the Constitutional Convention who were not co-conspirators with George Washington.  The Office of President has never been filled by an elected President, which has prevented the adoption of the Constitution of September 17, 1787.

George Washington lied and the new government died.  The election of George Washington on February 4, 1789 to the Office of President of the United States of America was planned, so that he would not qualify as President in the Office of President, which required a person to be a resident within the United States for at least 14 years.  This requirement could not be met until after July 4, 1790, since time is counted from July 4, 1776.  Washington had an obligation to tell the truth about the Office that he was taking and, of course, he refused to tell the truth.  Washington was nervous while taking this oath, because he knew he was lying:  “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” 

Washington knew the Office of President of the United States was as an employee of the Confederacy under the Articles of Confederation, because he was the President of the Constitutional Convention that met in secret from May to September in 1787 to write a new Constitution.  The secret plan of the Constitutional Convention insiders was to prepare a Constitution within a Constitution whose purpose was to make certain amendments to the first Constitution, the Articles of Confederation.  As a dedicated Mason, George Washington was able to keep secret, from the Constitutional Convention delegates not privy to his plan, the exact details of how he was to take over the government.  So skilled at secrecy, trickery and deceit, the powers of the occult, Washington, Alexander Hamilton and just a few others may have been the only conspirators.   

Local politicians quickly realized that the American people would really rule, if enough of the common men would taxes did require consent as the Declaration of Independence stated and no government could make laws for the people to obey.  Back then as today, the people quickly began to follow a leader¾George Washington for President.

The President of the United States of America is vested with the executive power in Article II Section 1 Clause 1 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Although that Constitution vests the President of the United States of America with “The executive power,” it is the executive power of the first Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, that is vested.  The executive power under the Constitution of September 17, 1787 is required to be bound by an Article VI oath “to support this Constitution.”  

As the Articles of Confederation forms a Confederacy of States that have retained their “sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right” it is not possible for the President of the United States of America to take an oath of Office, so no oaths are required under the Articles of Confederation.  Article VI of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 makes the taking of an oath mandatory:

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

The person who takes the oral oath of Office of President of the United States becomes an employee of the first government of the thirteen States, the Confederacy known as the United States of America.  An oral oath is not binding, because it cannot be evidence in a court of law.  The English Statute of Frauds requires certain contracts to be in writing such as employment contracts for service longer than a year.  

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 does not specify that the oath of Office of President of the United States shall be binding as Article VI does and nowhere in the Constitution are qualifications or a term of office for the Office of President of the United States set out.

The Declaration of Independence is the most highly esteemed American document though, technically, not law in the positive sense.  The effect of the Declaration of Independence, for the common man, was to eliminate an ancient form of government¾the British monarchy.  So anxious were the colonists to rid themselves of so-called royalty that they thought little of what the consequences of freedom might really be like.  Removal of the king who ruled by a claim of divine right ended this source of earthly government power.  George Washington a master of the occult found a source of government power in the secret government.

In their own haste to get rid of the British monarch, American politicos established the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation as the centerpieces of American government.  Those two documents made it almost impossible to establish the modern fascism patterned after that of the ancient Roman Republic we have today.  That the so-called Founding Fathers did so is a tribute to their intellects and ingenuity even if it greatly disparages their integrity.

From now forward, my students and I will be teaching local government officials how government went wrong and how the people at the grass roots level can start fixing long broken government.  You can try to fix it on your own, but it is easier when your teacher is the world’s greatest legal mind.  If you have read this far, you too can qualify to be the next world’s greatest legal mind.  You won’t find much competition from present day attorneys and judges, but you can’t get this kind of legal education anywhere else.  Enroll today by contacting me at edrivera@edrivera.com 

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

 

Representatives for and direct taxes on the settlers and inhabitants of the federal district known as the Northwest Territory are what are to be apportioned among the several States of the new Union to be called the United States.

Representation and direct taxation have been the ruin of this country ever since George Washington took an oral oath to be Congresses tax collector.

There were, in merry old England, property taxes assessed according to the number of windows in a house.  This window tax was brought to America, where it served, as in England, as a property tax.  There was also a general excise tax on trades and professions called a “faculty tax.”  These taxes were all lawful because the British Empire was ruled by the authority of a British monarch.  The British Parliament has the legislative power of a king. 

Before the Declaration of Independence, the source of written law in America was, also, the British monarchy.  After the Declaration of Independence and actual independence, the Americans in the thirteen original states, who had participated in British government and taxation began to think that government of the people had an inherent right to make laws for the people and to impose taxes on the people to pay for government.  Ordinary Americans especially the Revolutionary War veterans saw no real basis for more laws and more taxation and Shays Rebellion was the result.  An American had every right to make the most strenuous laws for himself, but he had no right or power to make them for others and call them laws.

The Declaration of Independence condemned the imposition of taxes without consent and the recognition of unalienable rights made legislative power over the American people impossible.

Article I Section 2 Clause 3 of the Constitution made provision for representation and direct taxation to be “apportioned among the several State which may be included within this Union.”  The Union referred to was the new Union of States of the Northwest Territory, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and part of Minnesota.

With the passage of time, the temporary government that was first formed by the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 and made more permanent by the Constitution of September 17, 1787, would be forgotten and the real and truly perpetual Union, the United States of America, would be erroneously replaced with the temporary Constitution of the United States.

My advanced students will be taught how the newly freed Americans were duped to submit to property taxation and how the property tax deception continues to the present.  These students will also learn how to prove that all written can only apply to government and the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.

Every person who owns or who hopes to own real property should immediately contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com to enroll in my general law course, so they can take the advanced property taxation and statutory legislation course.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera     

 

The Constitution cannot be fully understood without making the Constitutional Convention of May 25, 1787 your own personal crime scene investigation.   It is not too late for real non-military justice. 

Patrick Henry, the patriot and brilliant orator of Virginia refused to attend the Constitutional Convention, because he smelled a rat.  Now that the whole country is experiencing the stench of a 222 year-old rotting corpse of an un-adopted constitution, we must all recognize and appreciate Patrick Henry’s superb olfactory sense along with his oratorical power.

The Constitutional Convention was the scene of the greatest crime in the world.  George Washington, the ring leader, stole your freedom, treasure and much more, but he had accomplices.

While less savvy angry Americans are preparing clever copy for the placards they will  wave at their July 4^th Tea Party, you can close the case on the Constitutional Convention conspirators by signing up as a student of law and government.  There is still plenty of evidence of wrong doing to present to the triers of fact, so contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com to get started.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera      

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