• Pages

  • CONTACT ED RIVERA
  • LETTER TO CAPTIVES
  • REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

• Recent Posts

  • IF YOU DON’T VOLUNTARILY PAY A PROPERTY TAX BILL, WHICH GOVERNMENT OFFICER HAS THE AUTHORITY TO CALCULATE ANY AMOUNT ALLEGEDLY DUE AND DEMAND THAT AMOUNT BE PAID?
  • PROPOSED SALES TAX ON INTERNET PURCHASES IS JUST ANOTHER INCOME TAX ON RETAIL SELLERS
  • United States of America v. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, defendant
  • THE LESSON OF THE ORGANIC LAWS
  • State of Connecticut Governor signs what is being described as the toughest gun laws in the U.S.

• Categories

  • Adoption
  • Article II Section 1 Clause 5
  • Article II Section 1 Clause 8
  • Article III
  • Articles of Confederation
  • BAIL OUT
  • BANKRUPTCY
  • CENSUS
  • CIVIL CONTEMPT
  • COMMON LAW
  • CONGRESS
  • CONSTITUTION
  • CRIMINAL LAW
  • Declaration of Independence
  • Economic Stimulous
  • Electoral College
  • Foreclosure
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • FREEDOM
  • GAY MARRIAGE
  • GRAND JURY
  • IMMIGRATION
  • IMPEACHMENT
  • JURY DUTY
  • LAW OF THE LAND
  • LEARNING THE LAW
  • LIBERTARIAN
  • Martial Law
  • MAYAN 2012
  • Northwest Ordinance
  • Oath of Office
  • OBAMA
  • ORGANIC LAWS
  • PARDON
  • Presidential Elector
  • PRESIDENTS
  • ProperTea Tax Tea Party
  • Property Taxes
  • PROPRIETARY POWER
  • Second Amendment
  • State of California
  • Supreme Court
  • Territorial Jurisdiction
  • TRIAL BY JURY
  • U.S. District Court
  • Uncategorized

• Archives

  • May 2013
  • April 2013
  • March 2013
  • February 2013
  • January 2013
  • December 2012
  • November 2012
  • October 2012
  • September 2012
  • August 2012
  • July 2012
  • June 2012
  • May 2012
  • April 2012
  • March 2012
  • February 2012
  • January 2012
  • December 2011
  • November 2011
  • October 2011
  • September 2011
  • August 2011
  • July 2011
  • June 2011
  • May 2011
  • April 2011
  • March 2011
  • February 2011
  • January 2011
  • December 2010
  • November 2010
  • October 2010
  • September 2010
  • August 2010
  • July 2010
  • June 2010
  • May 2010
  • April 2010
  • March 2010
  • February 2010
  • January 2010
  • December 2009
  • November 2009
  • October 2009
  • September 2009
  • August 2009
  • July 2009
  • June 2009
  • May 2009
  • April 2009
  • March 2009
  • February 2009
  • January 2009
  • December 2008
  • November 2008

• Meta

  • Log in
  • Entries RSS
  • Comments RSS
  • WordPress.org

If you can be forced to pay any amount of property taxes an assessor clams is due, you have no unalienable right to own property.   Fail to pay property taxes and government will initiate a process that will eventually result in the loss of your property for the alleged non-payment of property taxes.

How can you avoid the total loss of your property for non-payment of property taxes?  You must, of course, take your property out of the United States.  Placing yourself and your property within the United States is a voluntary act of  enfranchisement whereby you declare yourself to be a citizen of the United States.

The United States is the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America, so, any property, real or personal, left on government land is subject to government regulation, taxation and even confiscation.

Even the most casual reader of  these Posts will be able to bring together from these Posts the events and the dates of  those events which allowed George Washington to establish, in America,  the first democratically elected  military dictatorship.   It doesn’t matter what local elective office is being contested the top office of  President of the United States will always go to a dictator.

By combining in a presumed Office of  the President the two Offices of  President of the United States of America and President of the United States, and causing the misconception that the Constitution of September 17, 1787 had been adopted and was binding on government, George Washington made that illusory Constitution the supreme law of  a mythical land ruled by subordinate State governors who were themselves democratically elected State dictators.  All State governors duplicate the power grab initiated by George Washington on April 30, 1789, when Washington took the oral oath to be President of the United States.    Since the ratification and establishment of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, governors have been democratically elected by the people who claim to be citizens of the United States.  These popularly elected governors operate just like the person in the federal Office of President of  the United States.  Governors are the heads of  those United States and the heads of  State government.

There is no source of civil government power for free people as their power of  self government is their freedom, which is unalienable.   Questioning the credentials of  all government officials who claim the sovereign powers of government will result in a proof such powers are limited to  the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.   The so-called Founding Fathers realized this truth soon after the defeat of  King George III, but kept that fact to themselves while they plotted to take power from the people.   My “Basic Course in Law and Government” is the only instruction in law and the structure of  government based in the Organic Laws of  the United States of America, which are yours for the asking along with information on my $50 trial instruction offer.  To get both, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

What do these English word combinations have in common?  They all describe a human adult relationship which is not widely recognized by American written law although gay and same sex marriages are finding wider acceptance among the public and written law courts.

Ironically, as more States legalize same sex marriage, recognition of common law marriages is actually declining among the several States of the United States.  George and Martha Washington were married pursuant to English common law, which meant permission to marry from the government in the form of  a marriage license was not required.  Government intrusion into human affairs has grown in America ever since April 30, 1789, when George Washington took this oral oath: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”

Modern technology has transformed that oral oath for the fledgling presidential dictatorship and administration of the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America into a clarion call for countrywide fascism.  American governments are constantly offering “government” benefits to attract supporters of increased government and gay couples seeking government sanctioned connubial bliss are just the current targets.

When George and Martha Washington married there was no federal Defense of Marriage Act, their marriage was a common law marriage meaning a “legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife.”  The growth of written law and government beyond the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America has reached the point of absurdity.  Today, George Washington’s marriage to Martha Custis would not be recognized by a majority of the States of the United States and the federal government would consider the Defense of Marriage Act, the federal law, which treats common law type marriages as the only valid ones, to be an unconstitutional law.

All the law caused cruelties, injustices in America and uncontrolled government growth are the result of allowing the written law to be applied outside the territory subject to the legislative power of the United States of America or of any of the several States of the United States.  The simple way to end legal cruelty, injustice and limit government is to learn the Organic Laws of the United States of America, and taking my “Basic Course in Law and Government” is the only way to quickly learn Organic Law.  To get more information on the $50 trial of the $500 Course and computer searchable copies of all four laws, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

On January 8, 2009, the Electoral College votes were counted in Congress and Barack Hussein Obama was declared to be the forty-fourth President of the United States.  On November 6, 2012, Barack Hussein Obama won the popular vote and was declared a reelected President of the United States.  On January 4, 2013, Congress counted the Electoral College votes and declared Barack Hussein Obama to be elected President of the United States and on January 20, 2013 he took this oath:  “I, Barack Hussein Obama, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”

George Washington, the first President of the United States took this oath of office on April 30, 1789: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”

Washington became a President of the United States of America on April 6, 1789, when Congress counted the votes of the Presidential Electors.  He may have been the first President of the United States, but he was nowhere near being the first President of the United States of America.  Washington was the first President of the United States of America with executive power and the first to combine the two offices of President of the United States of America and President of the United States.

Article I of  the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was intended to be a permanent new Union of  States awaiting qualification to join “the Union,” the Confederacy, the United States of America, however, the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was written so that office of  President of the United States of America could not be filled until after July 4, 1790, in that the person in the Office of President of  the United States of America had to be “fourteen Years a Resident within the United States,” a qualification which could not be fulfilled until after July 4, 1790.

Apparently, taking the oath and Office of President of the United States precluded George Washington from later taking the Article VI oath which required “all executive and judicial officers” to “be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution,” because neither he nor any other President has taken any other oath after being declared the winner of the Electoral vote.

The many references to “this Constitution” in the Constitution of September 17, 1787 effectively distinguished that Constitution from the Constitution of the United States, which was established, according to Article VII, when nine States ratified “this Constitution.”  George Washington rejected “this Constitution” and adopted the Constitution of the United States when he took an oral oath to “preserve, protect and defend” it instead of being “bound by Oath or Affirmation to support this Constitution.”

Clearly, the language of the written Constitution of September 17, 1787 makes the existence of more than one Constitution a certainty and the historical record settles the issue—the oath of office of the President of the United States has nothing whatsoever to do with “upholding the laws.”  The second clause of  Article VI fixes the focus of the Sixth Article of  “this Constitution” on “the Laws of  the United States, as the “the supreme Law of  the Land” and the binding of all State Judges to that law, while the only oath taken by all 44 Presidents is totally silent on the subject of  law.

The conclusion is simple: no President of the United States has ever taken an oath or affirmation “to uphold the laws.”  Fox News legal expert is just the latest victim of the myth that members of government take oaths to uphold the constitution and the laws.  Don’t you fall for media propaganda learn to read the Constitution and the three Organic Laws of the United States of America—the secret to freedom.  For your own set of Organic Laws and information about the only law school devoted to the education of free men and women, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

The truth is Barack Hussein Obama is a dictator.  A dictator is both head of state and head of the government, which includes the military.  All monarchs can be dictators.  Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin and the late President of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez were all dictators by virtue of being the heads of state and the heads of government of their respective countries. His title is “President.”  He occupies two Offices. President Barack Hussein Obama is a dictator because he is both President of the United States and President of the United States of America.

For a second time, Barack Obama automatically became the Article II President of the United States of America on January 4, 2013, when the Electoral College votes were counted by Congress. The United States of America is the name of the Confederacy of 50 States first established when the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 were fully ratified on March 1, 1781. All federal civil and criminal prosecutions in federal courts are brought in the name of the Confederacy, the United States of America.

On January 20, 2013, Barack Hussein Obama took the oral oath to the Office of President of the United States which is the head of the government created by Article I of the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  That oral oath is placed in Article II of Constitution of September 17, 1787 in order to permit Presidents like George Washington and Barack Hussein Obama to assume dictatorial powers without notice.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

There are three oaths in the Constitution of September 17, 1787: 1. Senators take an oath before they try a legislative impeachment and because impeachment is a legislative process the exact wording of  the oath is left to Congress.  2.  The person taking the Office of  President of the United States must, before taking that Office,  take by oath or affirmation the oath to that Office expressly required by the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Because the Constitution of September 17, 1787, also,  imposes no qualifications for the Office of  President of the United States, George Washington was able to be both the Article II President of the United States of America and President of the United States simply by orally taking the following oath: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”   3.  Article VI, Clause 3 of  the Constitution of September 17, 1787 imposed this oath on everybody else in government with the exception of  the President of the United States:

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation,  to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

What was the Article VI, Clause 3 oath?  A simple signed  “I swear (or affirm) to support this Constitution” on a copy or last page of  “this Constitution” would have sufficed.  No such written oath or affirmation exists.  George Washington’s signature appears on the original Constitution of September 17, 1787, however, as he signed the document before this Constitution was ratified according to Article VII, his signature does not constitute an oath or affirmation “to support this Constitution.”

George Washington and the so-called Founding Fathers fooled the American people.  The signatures on the Constitution of September 17, 1787 including George Washington’s  didn’t mean anything other than it was their submission.   The oral oath Washington took was only good enough to require Bills passed by Congress to be presented to him for his approval or his objections.  The office of  President of the United States of America was vested with the executive power not the President of the United States.

One of  the Bills Washington signed proves the present federal court system has no real judicial powers.  Section 8 of  the Judiciary Act of 1789 requires federal Justices and judges to take an oath or affirmation which does not comply with the requirements of  Article VI Clause 3:

SEC. 8. And be it further enacted, That the justices of the Supreme Court, and the district judges, before they proceed to execute the duties of their respective offices, shall take the following oath or affirmation, to wit: “I, A. B., do solemnly swear or affirm, that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent on me as, according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the constitution, and laws of the United States. So help me God.”

The Judiciary Act of 1789 was enacted on September 24, 1789.  The first act of  the First Congress was dated June 1, 1789 and its purpose was  to create a new legislative oath of office pattered after the oral oath George Washington took to become President of the United States.  The new legislative oath would replace the Article VI, Clause 3 oath or affirmation “to support this Constitution,” when   the Constitution of September 17, 1787 failed to be adopted because no President or member of  Congress would be bound by an Article VI, Clause 3 oath.

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 should be and is the textbook example of federal legal legerdemain in my law course, the “Basic Course in Law and Government.”  The Constitution of September 17, 1787 refers to itself as “this Constitution” about a dozen times and only once in the oath of  office of  the President of the United States is there a reference to “the Constitution of the United States.”  It is clear that the constitutional creation of an oral oath for a President of the United States was really to hide the inauguration of  the new Union of  dependent federal States, which was begun with the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.

The legislative creation of  an oath of  office for “the justices of  the Supreme Court and the district judges,” which ended with “So help me God” was the clearest statement possible that the “United States” would be an entity consisting of the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.

The United States Supreme Court and the lower federal courts no longer provide copies of  the oaths of  Office of  Justices and judges after it was discovered that these oaths showed these offices to be territorial.  The oaths of office of  State, county and local will show that they too are federal territorial “judges.”   You can and should demand  copies of  the oaths of  “judges” who might someday try to assert judicial authority over you.

There is no education greater than the one you will get by enrolling in my “Basic Course in Law and Government.”   Government and government schools will only teach what government wants you to know.  For a limited time, you can learn before you enroll.   For a non-refundable $50, you can get all the materials my first Students had to pay $500 to get.   Contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com for all the details and copies of  the Organic Laws of  the United States of America, the foundation for all written law in America.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

The thirteen American States declared their separation and independence from King George III in the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776.

The first Union of the newly declared free and independent States, the Confederacy, was created when Maryland on March 1, 1781 became the thirteenth State to ratify the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.

A temporary second Union of dependent States comprising the Northwest Territory was created by the United States in Congress assembled when it enacted the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.  That Union was made permanent by the Constitution of September 17, 1787 on June 21, 1788, when New Hampshire became the ninth State to ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787.

According to Article VII of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, “The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.”   The ratification by the ninth State occurred on June 21, 1788, so that is the date of the birth of the United States, the territory of  the Union owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.

The current President of the United States, Barack Hussein Obama, took this oral oath on January 20, 2013: ““I, Barack Hussein Obama , do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”   That oath made President of the United States Obama the employee of  the entity with the exclusive legislative power over and possessory interest in the United States.

Ratification of  the Constitution of September 17, 1787 by the States bound those States to that Constitution, however, the failure of any President or member of  Congress to be bound by an Article VI oath or affirmation “to support this Constitution” reduced the United States to a corporation wholly owned by the United States of America

I need Students who want to learn the incontrovertible facts disclosed in these Posts, so they can teach government employees limited government.   Anyone with $50 can try the complete “Basic Course in Law and Government ,“ for which my first Students paid $500.  Every new Student must have the Organic Laws of  the United States of America, so you get these in a computer searchable just for the asking.  To get the Organic Laws and enrollment information contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

My “Basic Course in Law and Government,” the legal education course I devised to teach the written law and government, explains how George Washington took over government and caused the English common law to be replaced by government created written law.

How did Washington pull this off?  Very simply, George Washington invented the “inauguration” as a presidential coronation.   This is what Washington did:  First, he got himself elected to the highest office created by the Constitution of September 17, 1787, the Office of President of the United States of America.  Article II, Section 1, Clause 1 vests the executive power of  the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 in that office:  “The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows”

What followed was the forerunner of the current “Electoral College” system of electing the President of the United States of America, except no one knows the Electoral College is actually electing “a President of the United States of America.”

This is why no one knows the Electoral College elects “a President of the United States of America” instead of “the President of the United States,”  George Washington was elected President of the United States of America, when the electoral votes were counted in Congress on April 6, 1789.  According to the Constitution of September 17, 1787 Washington became President of the United States of America when the results of the votes were disclosed in Congress.  Washington could have refused the office of President of the United States of America, but he said nothing.  He said nothing about refusing the office.  He did say let’s an inauguration on the day before May Day, an important date in Freemasonry.

On April 30, 1789 George Washington took this oath:  “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”

Did you catch what George Washington did?  Washington was elected to the office of President of the United States of America, which was filled when no objection was made by the person elected.  At the time George Washington took the oral oath of the office of President of the United States, Washington legally occupied the office of President of the United States of America, so he was free to take the employment of President of the United States, as the Constitution of September 17, 1787 imposed no qualifications on the person who would occupy the Office of President of the United States.  The job description of a dictator is that of a person who is both the head of State and the head of the government including the military.  George Washington became the first American dictator and every president since has followed his example.

Our State and nation is the United States of America, the Confederacy of 50 States retaining their sovereignty, freedom and independence under the authority of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.  The government of the United States of America is limited to the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.

The initials POTUS stand for the President of the United States, the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America, which is a much smaller place than the United States of America the home of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, Article IV free inhabitants.  The Confederacy of States retaining their sovereignty, freedom and independence has been minimized by Google to no greater significance than an alternative rock band that have appropriated for themselves the name” Presidents of the United States of America.”

According to Google, the President of the United States is the leader of the free world and the President of the United States of America is just one of the musicians in a rock group.  You don’t believe me?  Google “potusa.”

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

 

The simple answer is the Constitution of the United States is not the written Constitution dated September 17, 1787. Remember all American Presidents take an oral oath to attain the Office of President of the United States and none at all to be President of the United States of America.

We can be fairly certain George Washington took this oath, but there is no legal proof that he did: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”      Similarly, the current President took the same oath: “I, Barack Hussein Obama, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God,” with the same result—the written Constitution can’t be enforced against a person who has not agreed in writing to be bound by it.  It can be proved with certainty President Barack Hussein Obama took the oral oath of Office of President of the United States prescribed by the Constitution of September 17, 1787, but taking that oral oath does not bind anyone to a written document such as the Constitution of September 17, 1787.

The power of the President of the United States is not derived from the Constitution of September 17, 1787 it is derived from the legislative power of the Congress of the United States.  The President of the United States’ source of power is a government secret, because, if discovered all government power would be limited to the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America. Disclosing such government secrets is routine at www.edrivera.com , however, to fully understand the depth of deceit Washington, D.C. is mired in requires a short course in elementary constitutional law, my “Basic Course in Law and Government,” which you can sample for $50.   To get the Organic Laws of the United States of America and to learn how to take the Course on a trial basis, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

Federal laws are limited to federal territory—everybody who has questioned government authority knows that, but how do you prove it?  The first two federal Organic Laws, the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation worked to free the American  people from an unwanted  central government by ridding America of nobility and requiring the States of  the Union to honor the right of  the people to live free of  government within those states.

The first two Organic Laws insured freedom in America, but the so-called leaders wanted to control America, so they introduced, temporarily, legislation and taxation to the Northwest Territory, the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.   George Washington, the Congress of the Confederacy and the so-called Founding Fathers in the biggest propaganda ploy ever pulled, the drafting and ratification of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, would then convince Americans and the world the United States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota was now the entire country under the central control of George Washington and the Congress of the United States.  Congress would make laws for the Northwest Territory and other federal territory, pretend it applied countrywide and then President of the United States George Washington would enforce those laws, particularly taxation, everywhere.  When Americans rebelled against the whiskey tax, Commander in Chief and President of the United States of America used the State Militias to put down the Whiskey Rebellion and stifled further opposition to the extension of federal legislation and taxation.

Proposed federal gun control legislation is, of course, federal, so it applies to what the federal government, the United States of America Confederacy. still owns and controls.  The old United States in Congress assembled is now operating as the Senate, but still under the general direction of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777—the Articles of Confederation were not repealed and replaced by the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  In fact, it can be proven George Washington planned the failed adoption of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, so the Article II Section 1 Clause 8 Constitution of the United States could be substituted.

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 ratified by the States of  the Confederacy, the United States of America, would have been the supreme law of   the territory owned by or subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America had that Constitution been adopted by George Washington and members of  Congress, however, when that Constitution was not adopted the administration of  federal territory by the President of the United States continued commercially under the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.

The right of self defense, as a God given unalienable right, is far more important than any Second Amendment to any unadopted constitution.  The foregoing revelations about government and its constitutions should convince you that any reliance on Second Amendment rights is ill advised.

Your intentionally inadequate public school education has left you defenseless in the face of government tyranny.  My “Basic Course in Law and Government” was created especially for the student, who wants to avoid reliance on court decisions of dubious value.    Lessons are based on unassailable historical facts and the fundamental Organic Laws of the United States of America.  To get the Organic Laws in a computer searchable form and more information on the Basic Course in Law and Government   contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

First, get a written Constitution and find within that document all the direct references to the written Constitution.  If you start at the beginning, you might think the first reference would be in the Preamble:  “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”  “This Constitution for the United States of America” is a reference to the written Constitution, but the Preamble is not part of the Constitution.

Now, see how many references to a written constitution you can find in the Constitution of September 17, 1787.

George Washington avoided being bound to the written Constitution by orally swearing this oath:  “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”

Before noon on April 30, 1789, George Washington had been President of the United States of America since April 6, 1789, without ever taking or subscribing any oath of office, because the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 was binding only on the member confederate States.  The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 created a temporary government for the United States of   Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota and the Constitution of September 17, 1787 made that government permanent for those States and future United States.  When George Washington, the Senators and Representatives failed to subscribe the Article VI oath to be bound “to support this Constitution,” what should have been a government continued as a corporate business enterprise.

To continue your education, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

Next Page →