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Today, Joe Sestak admitted that former President William Jefferson Clinton offered him a job which he immediately turned down, which strongly suggests a violation of the following law occurred:

    United States Code Title 18 Sec. 600. Promise of employment or other benefit for                    political  activity

      Whoever, directly or indirectly, promises any employment,

    position, compensation, contract, appointment, or other benefit,

    provided for or made possible in whole or in part by any Act of

    Congress, or any special consideration in obtaining any such

    benefit, to any person as consideration, favor, or reward for any

    political activity or for the support of or opposition to any

    candidate or any political party in connection with any general or

    special election to any political office, or in connection with any

    primary election or political convention or caucus held to select

    candidates for any political office, shall be fined under this

    title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

 The White House put out a version of the offer made to Sestak that made the offer appear not to meet the “benefit,” “special consideration,””favor” or “reward” part of the law. 

 In the story Sespak told today, the job he said he had been offered had morphed into a Presidential advisory position not created by an act of Congress, so the White House offer might avoid application of another part of the law.

 Students are taught the most important part of written law—territorial application.

 

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera  

 

The enactment in the State of Arizona of its own immigration law has opened up the opportunity of two centuries to re-instate the neglected Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.

The America legal profession has operated as if the Articles of Confederation were replaced, when the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was ratified by the State of New Hampshire on June 21, 1788. That replacement might have occurred on the land owned by the Confederacy, the United States of America, but the United States of America and the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 have never ceased to function.

The continued viability of the Articles of Confederation is important because the State of Arizona belongs to two Unions.   The first Union is the United States of America established when Maryland becomes the thirteenth State to ratify the Articles on March 1, 1781.  The second Union of the United States begins when the Constitution of September 17, 1787 is ratified by New Hampshire and the Constitution of the United States begins.

The Articles of Confederation are important to those who want to be free, because those Articles require the States of the first Union to entitle inhabitants to all the privileges and immunities of citizens without any of the burdens of citizenship.

As soon as the Arizona law goes into effect, everyone who is driving a vehicle without license plates elsewhere should start driving that vehicle in Arizona.  You will be stopped by law enforcement and your papers will be demanded, which you will not have.  Instead, you will hand the cop a copy of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 with Article IV highlighted.

Your refusal to provide a drivers license, registration and proof of citizenship will require your arrest for not being legally in the United States. 

You are, of course, not in the United States you are in the United States of America, where the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 apply.

Become one of my Students and learn to think outside the box.  Contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

 

 

Two Hundred and twenty-three years ago more than four dozen guys from the government met in secret to create a written document that would allow the government to help you without going through the States.

What happened when they met isn’t entirely clear, but what they hid in the Constitution of September 17, 1787 is revealed in the Posts on this website.  Read the Organic Laws of the United States of America and these Posts or make it easy on yourself and enroll as one of my Students in the Basic Course in Law and Government.  Find out how by e-mailing me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

   

 

You have an obligation to know the most complicated law in the world—the tax law of the United States.  All law begins as a thought that controls, seeks to control or to explain that which cannot be controlled.  Taxation in America is presented by government as enduring and inevitable.  It is not.

Law was brought from Great Britain, the mother country, in both a written and unwritten form .  Most ancient societies combine both written and unwritten law in the form of one sovereign ruler.  Britain’s monarchs granted certain adventurers charters to establish colonies in America and the unwritten common law came along for the ride. 

Great Britain is the ancient society from which the United States of America separated by the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776.  The United States of America recognizes written and unwritten law in the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 and that document describes, generally, where each form of law is to apply.  Every modern society recognizes the validity of its own concept of unwritten law in a formal written law document; modern America does it in the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.

No one has ever claimed the Articles of Confederation attempts to tax anything but the States of that Union and that was unsuccessful.   After the Declaration of Independence, taxation was even less popular than before, because no one wanted to consent to be taxed and the equality of man made a legislated tax an impossibility. 

The settlers and inhabitants of the Northwest Territory were less equal than the people of the thirteen States of the Confederacy, so Article IV of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 made them subject to pay part of the federal debt and a proportional part of the expenses of the federal government. 

The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of government, to be apportioned on them by Congress according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other States; and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the district or districts, or new States, as in the original States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.   

The delegates who began meeting in secret in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787, prohibited to the States of this Union only certain taxes, which by implication sanctioned all others:

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.  Article I Section 10 Clause 2   

 

The States of the second Union could only impose the taxation that seemed to be permitted by the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The States of the Confederacy, the United States of America, were as anxious as George Washington and the Federalists to have the Constitution of September 17, 1787 ratified for without it the States would have neither the power to tax nor the power to legislate.

Parliament has the power to legislate and tax because over time the British sovereigns have conferred on the House of Commons and the House of Lords the powers of a king.  In America, the power of the English kings was lost when Great Britain was defeated at Yorktown.  George Washington regained those sovereign power s by taking control of  the United States of America on the strength of an oral oath.

My Students learn the fundamentals of law and government in my Basic Course in Law and Government.  My Advanced Students learn how to put what they have learned to personal practical advantage.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera             

The legislative power in the first sentence of the  written Constitution: “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives,”  Article I Section 1 Constitution of September 17, 1787, is then placed in the administrative  hands of the President of the United States, who is to  approve or make objections.

Section 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

    Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. Article I Section 7 Constitution of September 17, 1787

The President of the United States must approve or object to the Bills passed by the House of Representatives and Senate, if he does nothing it is more likely than not that the Bill will become a law.  The President of the United States is neither elected by the people nor appointed by an Officer elected by the people and he has no executive power or discretion; he is an employee.

All the granted legislative power vested in a Congress and limited administratively by a President of the United States is further limited by Article I Section 8 to legislate to “lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises” in the United States “to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States,” meaning that the inhabitants and settlers of the lands belonging to the United States of America identified in Article IV of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787  are now being made subject to pay taxes to pay for the federal debt and to pay for all the projects and procedures enumerated in Section 8.  

Section 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

    To borrow Money on the Credit of the United States;

    To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several

States, and with the Indian Tribes;

    To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on

the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and

fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

    To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and

current Coin of the United States;

    To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

    To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for          

limited Times to Authors and Inventors exclusive Right to their

respective Writings and Discoveries;

    To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;

    To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high

Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

    To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make rules

concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that

Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

    To provide and maintain a Navy;

    To make rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

    To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

    To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square), as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;–And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

 

   Who granted all the legislative power to a Congress of the United States?  Article VII of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 provides for establishment of  that Constitution upon ratification by nine States: “The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.”  According to Article IX and X of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 nine States could upon the recess of Congress  execute the powers of Congress.  The Article VII ratification by nine States acted as an appointment of “such other committees and civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the united states.”  The answer to the question is the States that ratified the Constitution of September 17, 1787 beginning with the first nine granted all legislative power to a Congress of the United States.

Where did the States get “all the legislative Power herein granted?”  The States got it from the Treaty of Paris of 1783:

His Britannic Majesty acknowledges the said United States, viz., New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, to be free sovereign and independent states, that he treats with them as such, and for himself, his heirs, and successors, relinquishes all claims to the government, propriety, and territorial rights of the same and every part thereof.

   King George III gave up the powers he had in America south of Canada to the thirteen States.  Those States gave up their powers over the Northwest Territory and other territory in America to the Confederacy of the United States of America and in the ratification of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 the States granted those powers back to Confederacy.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

  

     

   

 

 

 

Article IV. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different states in this union, the free inhabitants of each of these states, paupers, vagabonds and fugitives from Justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several states; and the people of each state shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other state, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, impositions and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such restriction shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any state, to any other state of which the Owner is an inhabitant; provided also that no imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any state, on the property of the united states, or either of them.

The State of  Arizona was admitted by Congress into the Union of the United States on February 14, 1912 and into the perpetual Union, the United States of America when its first two Senators were admitted to the Senate. 

Upon admission into the Confederacy, the United States of America, the State of Arizona was bound to the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.  A Confederacy of 50 States requires strict adherence to the written law and Article IV of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777. 

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera      

How did George Washington make the United States of America a haven for business?  By taking the  oral oath of the Office of President of the United States, Washington was able to combine commerce and American military power, after all George Washington, was both Father of his Country and Commander in Chief of all American military forces.  It, also, helped to be President of the United States of America under the authority of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.

Upon Washington’s February 4, 1789 election to the Articles of Confederation, Article IX Office of President, which was, also, the Article II Section 1 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, Office of President of the United States of America, Americans thought he had been put in charge of running the entire country.  April 30, 1789, the date set for Washington’s inauguration was celebratory; no one knew a few spoken words would be game changing.

When Washington took the oral oath of Office of President of the United States, he and every future President was put in charge of America’s business.             

Can’t understand why so many things are so messed up?  My Students know and so can you.  Edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera  

Black’s Law Dictionary 4th Ed. defines Gift as “A voluntary transfer of personal property without consideration.”  That same dictionary defines a Demand as “A debt or amount due,” and as “An imperative request preferred by one person to another, under a claim of right, requiring the latter to do or yield something or to abstain from some act.”

The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 permitted the temporary taxation of the settlers and inhabitants of the Northwest Territory and the Constitution of September 17, 1787 made that taxation permanent.

Now that 56 federal States have been admitted into the second Union, the United States, and 37 of those States have had their Senators accepted by the Senate, why do real property owners continue to pay property taxes?

If no demand has been made for the payment of a property tax, the voluntary transfer of personal property you  made is a gift.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

Everybody knows the birth date of the United States of America, but few know the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 did not create a government.  The Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 created the Confederacy, the United States of America, which is still the government for all Americans, citizens and inhabitants of the United States of America.  What is not well known is that the Constitution can only grant authority to Congress to make laws for the United States, which is now a much smaller part of the United States of America.  If you become a Student, you will be taught in many different ways why and how the Congress uses proprietary power not government power to make laws in the United States.      

Congress and the other State and local governments can only make written law for the lands owned by the Confederacy, because the Organic Laws of the United States of America limit written law to a specific place, where the English common law cannot apply.  All governments, which claim authority through the Constitution, are limited to that place government calls the United States.  Calling the lands owned by the United States of America “United States” is confusing, because it was intended to be confusing.   The Founding Fathers of the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation were Christian men, who created a Confederacy that allowed the people of America the option to remain inhabitants or to become citizens.  The United States Founding Fathers were not Christian.  They used law, as Satan the devil would, to put Christians under the authority of secular government.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

President of the United States of America Barack Hussein Obama and President of the United States Barack Hussein Obama both allegedly taught constitutional law, but exactly what these two Presidents  taught remains unclear.  What is clear is this: Neither Lecturer in Law nor Professor of Law Barack Hussein Obama would ever teach you what you need to uncover and understand the secret corporate Constitution buried within the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Do not despair your PC awaits your touch.

Your computer has been trying to teach how to think like a legal genius from the first time you turned it on.  Today, now, it is going to teach you constitutional law.  President of the United States Barack Hussein Obama took an oral oath at noon on January 20, 2009 that was supposed to be just like this:

“I, Barack Hussein Obama , do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”   

Chief Justice John Roberts gave Barack Hussein Obama the wrong prompts and words “faithfully execute” were reversed before millions of electronic viewers.  Later Barack Hussein Obama and John Roberts had a do over and got the oath taken exactly as Article II Section 1 Clause 8 requires.  To this date, no one anywhere has pointed out that English law requires a subscription to a written document.   

Since April 30, 1789 every person elected to the Office of President of the United States of America has taken an oral oath to the Office of President of the United States.  There is a difference.  Article II Section 1 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 vests executive power in a President of the United States of America: “The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows”

Barack Hussein Obama has taken one oral oath to the Office of President of the United States at least twice, but there is no written record of any subscription to the document known as the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Article VI of the Constitution requires an oath that binds the person swearing or affirming “to support this Constitution.”  When Barack Hussein Obama took the oral oath to “preserve, protect and defend” the Constitution of the United States, that oath was to a different constitution.

We don’t know which constitution was the subject of Barack Hussein Obama teaching, but we can learn a lot about the Presidents, the Constitutions and the impeachment of the Presidents.

To begin, you will need a searchable copy of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, which is one without the amendments.     My Students are provided all four Organic Laws of the United States of America in a searchable format.  If you can’t find a copy of the Constitution, I will e-mail you one upon your request.

Our first search will be for the many Presidents of the Constitution two of which we have already encountered.   Enter the word “President” and allow your computer to search the Constitution for the first “President.”   To preserve and better understand what we find, I suggest you print a copy of the Constitution just as it was completed on September 17, 1787.

The Vice President of the United States is the first “President” of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 and that Office is located in Article I Section 3 Clause 4: “The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.”   The Vice President of the United States is a kind of corporate legislative Officer, because the Constitution vests him with the power to cast a tie breaking vote in the legislative Senate as President of the Senate.  You wondered what Vice President Joe Biden was good for, well he’s a tie breaker

What kind of corporate legislative Officer is the Vice President of the United States?  There are two kinds of Officers: an Officer with discretion and one with none.  An Officer with discretion directs a corporation, which can be public or private.   An Officer without discretion is an employee.  The only discretion the Vice President has is to vote yea or nay.  That kind of discretion keeps him and the President of the United States out of real lawmaking. 

Article I Section 1 vests “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.”   Article I Section 2 Clause 2 sets out the qualifications for Representative:  “No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.”   Article I Section 3 Clause 3 sets out the qualifications for Senator:  “No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.”

 As the Constitution of September 17, 1787 clearly vests discretionary power in the form of “legislative Power,” in the Offices of Representative and Senator and provides for their election upon meeting minimum qualifications, we can conclude that the Office of Vice President of the United States is an employment.   

That the Vice President of the United States is an employee is confirmed by an absence of qualifications for eligibility to hold that Office, no definite term of employment and no specific process for appointment to that Office.  Article I Section 3 Clause 5: “The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.”   The Vice President of the United States is definitely a non-elected Officer of the Senate and the “Office of President of the United States” is identified in Article I as an Office separate and distinct from the “Office of President of the United States of America.”  Do not forget to add the “President pro tempore” to your list of Presidents. 

If the Vice President of the United States was, at the time of the framing of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 an Officer of the Senate, to which branch of government does the President of the United States belong?   Be warned this is a trick question because it assumes the President of the United States is a part of the government being created by this Constitution.  Is the President of the United States the head of the executive branch of government or is he the chief executive officer of a public corporation? The power of impeachment held by the House of Representatives resolves the question in favor of the public corporation lawmaking power.   Article I Section 2 Clause 5: “The House of Representatives shall chuse their speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.”   Just what is “the sole Power of Impeachment is revealed by a computer search of that word in Article I of the Constitution of September 17, 1787?  Article I Section 3 Clause 7 defines “Impeachment” in sufficient detail to distinguish an Article I “Impeachment” from an Article II “Impeachment.”  

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to law.

Impeachment of the President of the United States requires only that the Chief Justice preside at the impeachment trial:  “The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.” Article I Section 3 Clause 6.   

The President and Vice President of the United States are part of the non-discretionary law making division of the public corporation which has come to be known as the “federal government.” 

 

An Article II Section 4 Impeachment actually specifies the basis for the impeachment:  “The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors.” 

 

     

 

            

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