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The Fourteenth Amendment defines the citizen of the United States with a lowercase “c.”   The Constitution of September 17, 1787 does not define Citizen of the United States, but it does require Senators to be Citizen of the United States, so when the First Congress met in New York City on March 4, 1789 no Senator could have been a Citizen of the United States because the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 did not create a government with citizens.  In fact, the government contemplated in the Declaration of Independence could only exist with the consent of the people.  However, no amount of consent could create a government from the Declaration of Independence.

The Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 did create a government of free and independent States albeit with no power to tax or legislate.  Maryland became the thirteenth State to ratify the Articles of Confederation on March 1, 1781.  The nine years a Citizen of the United States could be counted from the full ratification of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 on March 1, 1781.  The first Senators to the First Congress could not qualify until after March 1, 1790.

None of the officers elected, after the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was ratified by nine States, qualified for a constitutional office, because none of them took and subscribed a written oath “to support this Constitution.”

I nominate “Citizen of the United States” as a safe citizenship.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera            

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 is the last of the four Organic Laws of the United States of America.   It is impossible to understand the Constitution of September 17, 1787 without knowing the other three Organic Laws: the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 and the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.

The Declaration of Independence, unbeknownst to all but a few, relieved the American people from all government except that of God Almighty.  Article IV of the Articles of Confederation provided that no American would ever have to submit to being ruled by any worldly government.   The secret Constitutional Convention got around Article IV by falsely claiming the Constitution of September 17, 1787 repealed and replaced the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.     

In the beginning there were no governments, then the ancient Jews begged God for a king.  The king then created a government to keep him in power.  The Declaration of Independence placed the American people back in the place of the ancient Jews.  Thinking there was a difference, the American people settled for two Presidents, a President of the United States and a President of the United States of America in one Commander in Chief.  

The official business of the May 25, 1787 secret Constitutional Convention was to make recommendations for amendment of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777. Such recommendations may be found in the Constitution of September 17, 1787 along with an outline for the administration of lands owned by the United States of America.  The complaint was the Congress of the United States of America had no power to tax or make laws.  The Constitution of September 17, 1787 granted that power, but only over the people on lands belonging to the United States of America.  The United States of America had an unofficial President, but none with executive powers.  The Constitution of September 17, 1787 acted as the instigation of Article IX of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of a President with executive powers over the territory and property belonging to the United States of America.     

What is not to be found in the Constitution of September 17, 1787 is any grant of power to the Congress of the United States that would permit the taxation and governance of the people in the states of the United States of America.  Such power, as was permitted over the settlers and inhabitants of the lands owned by and ceded to the United States of America, would have to be expanded by the Congress of the United States, the President of the United States and Supreme Court of at United States, as the general public’s ignorance of the Organic Laws allowed.

The executive power of the United States of America pursuant to the authority contained in Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 is vested in an Article II President of the United States of America.  George Washington used that office to avoid the appointment of a person to fill the Article II Section 1 Clause 5 Office of President, who would be bound by Article VI to take and subscribe a written oath “to support this Constitution.”  Instead, Washington took the office of President of the United States, whose only requirement was the taking of an oral oath.  

When George Washington took the following oath on April 30, 1789, everyone believed he could be trusted to take the right oath to the right office: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”

Students who have completed the Basic Course in Law and Government and who have become Advanced Students will soon have the opportunity to go organic by employing the full power of the Organic Laws of the United States of America.  They will begin the process of claiming the privileges and immunities of citizenship without any of the obligations.

To join them, you must enroll as one of my Students by contacting me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera     

 

 

 

Title 1 United States Code Section 2 does not define county as a subdivision of a political State of the second Union.  Title 1U.S.C. Section 2 defines the word “county,” as follows: “The word “county” includes a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States.”

 Title 1, which is entitled “GENERAL PROVISIONS,” consists of seven sections that make up Chapter 1—Rules of Construction. 

We can better surmise the meaning of the word “county” in the rest of the Titles of the United States Code by taking note of Section 7. Definition of “marriage” and “spouse:”

“In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word “marriage” means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word “spouse” refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife.”  

As both Section 2 and 7 are general rules of construction for the rest of 49 Titles of the United States Code, the three words which are expressly defined are not to be enlarged beyond the words of the two statutes.

In Section 7 Congress clearly intends to exclude same sex marriage as “marriage” and a same sex partner as a spouse.

In Section 2 Congress is attempting to expand the meaning of the word “county” by coining “county” as a new word applicable to both a county in the United States of America and one in the United States.

The attempt by Congress to expand the 1 U.S.C. Section 2 meaning of “county” to include United States of America counties can be proven by trying to add the phrase: “includes a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States,” after the word “county” wherever it appears in the United States Code.

The territorial composition of the federal district courts is determined by this the first sentence in Chapter 5 of Title 28—Judiciary and Judicial Procedure: “Sections 81 – 131 of this chapter show the territorial composition of districts and divisions by counties as of January 1, 1945.”  Adding and adjusting the language a little, we get this: Sections 81 – 131 of this chapter show the territorial composition of districts and divisions by counties, which may include “a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States,” as of January 1, 1945.    

 Sections 81-131 already include the State of Louisiana, the only State having parishes instead of counties.  Insertion of the phrase:  “a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States,” will yield the same conclusion every time that phrase is inserted where the word “county” appears in the United States Code.  The insertion of the phrase creates a redundancy because “county” is already limited to “a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States.”

This analysis and exercise proves that the word “county” includes and is limited to a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States.”

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

Surprise, the English common law is found, no, hidden, in the English language.  Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being and a jury tries a murder case.  The meanings of all the words used in the English common law are found in any Standard English dictionary.  Contrast the simplicity of the English common law with government law.

Before the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was ratified by nine States and established between those States, the idea of a county was as a subdivision of anyone of one those States of the original Union.  After ratification, those counties remained subdivisions of those States of the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777; however the new element of a law superior to the English common law was introduced into the common law county.

The Judiciary Act of 1789 redefined the county by redefining the States of the United States of America that had ratified the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Section 2 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 divided the United States into thirteen districts.  At the time, no one realized that including the Districts of Maine and Kentucky reduced the other districts to whatever territory belonging to the United States of America was found or might be found in the future.

The current definition of a federal county in Title 1 of United States Code Section 2 is this: “The word “county” includes a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States,” confirms that all federal counties will consist of territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.  Any subdivision of the United States will be federal territory because all the term “United States” means after the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 is the Constitution of the United States.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

 

   

      

Common law liens require no writing to be valid.  Shoes, dry cleaning, machines and anything which requires an owner to surrender possession for repair, cleaning or servicing are all subject to a common law lien upon neglect of payment for services rendered.  Government liens, however, are a totally government controlled commodity.

Government liens need not relate to anything in reality, because they can only be created by statutory law, which means Bills enacted by a Congress of the United States, pursuant to Section 7 of Article I of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, and presented to the President of the United States for his approval or objection.  We know by the way George Washington, the first President of the United States of America, acquired the Office of President of the United States that Office is just an employment without the authority of a sovereign government.  How could there be two Presidents both with sovereign power?   The President of the United States is the employee.

The Office of President of the United States is an employment, because it is the one that is paid and is not vested with any power of a sovereign government.   The Confederacy of the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, is  a sovereign government, but only with respect to the delegated powers located in those Articles.  It is widely known and noted, as incontrovertible fact, the Articles of Confederation granted no power of legislation or taxation over the American people.  The absence of government power in a document that so closely followed the Declaration of Independence by just a few months should surprise no one.        

The Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 announced the formal repudiation of a British government recognized by the nations of the world as sovereign.  The American victory in the Revolution that followed the Declaration of Independence resulted in the permanent removal of the power of the English monarchy south of Canada.  Neither the individual States nor the Confederacy of those States, the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 succeeded to the sovereign authority once held by his Britannic Majesty, King George III.

Government liens can only be created by government employees in territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America, because unlike the English common law no one person is injured by the non-payment of the amount demanded.  The only sovereign form of government that can be injured or demand payment for that injury is the United States of America.  That sovereignty is recognized every time a civil or criminal case is brought, because all such cases are brought by the United States of America as plaintiff.

Common law requires an injury or damage to the property of another.  The person who has suffered an injury or whose property has been damaged may make a demand upon the party at fault.  When the federal government claims someone owes a debt or has an unsatisfied obligation, it is the President of the United States of America alone, who has the executive power to make the demand for payment.  That President, however, would be limited to the authority of the Articles of Confederation and asking the States to please send money to the United States in Congress assembled, if the May 25, 1787 secret Constitutional Convention hadn’t come up with the trick of creating two almost identical Offices: the Office of President of the United States and the Office of President of the United States of America. George Washington was elected on February 4, 1789 to be President of the United States of America, but he took the oral oath to the Office of President of the United States.  That Presidential merger was pulled off brilliantly by George Washington, who is rightly recognized as the father of that country.

If you think the United States of America should be different from the one George Washington was able to create by being both President of the United States of America and President of the United States, you are not alone.   My Students want to tell the rest of the story, but to do so they need to know the truth.  Won’t you join them by contacting me at edrivera@edrivera.com   and asking about enrollment?      

 Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

George Washington put all American government under military control, when he took the oral oath of office of President of the United States on April 30, 1789. Washington hadn’t been elected to that office on February 4, 1789, on that date the Presidential Electors, in accordance with Article II Section 1 Clauses 2 &3 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787, elected George Washington to the office of President of the United States of America. That Constitution specifically provides for the election of the President, who is vested with the executive power, the President of the United States of America, while it is silent on the appointment of the President, with Article I Section 7 legislative power, the President of the United States.
George Washington allowed almost three months to pass between his election to President of the United States of America and his taking of the oral oath to be President of the United States. If Washington was to pull off the greatest military coup in the history of mankind, he had to give any possible opposition the opportunity to discover what he was up to, but no one had noticed anything funny.
What was Washington up to? Combining the executive power of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 and legislative power over the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America created the most powerful in the world, when every American believed the President could approve laws that were claimed to apply to all Americans. The truth is the Congress and President of the United States can only make laws for the territory owned by the United States of America.
The American President is still the most powerful man in the world, while in the two offices of President of the United States and President of the United States of America. The American President maintains his power by sharing it militarily with every other government employee. All American government employees exercise military power over all the people through Presidential chain of command.
The power to create a government lien is the power to make specific, personal and private legislation directly applicable to the one person named on the notice of lien, this is, at the highest level, the power of the President of the United States of America combined with the President of the United States, to require partial payment of the federal debt, by every inhabitant of the territory belonging to the United States of America.
Government liens are filed in county recorders offices by the thousands every business day and they are all based on the combined power of the two Offices: President of the United States and President of the United States of America. The purpose of these filings is to give notice to the general public that the government believes the person named on the notice of government lien is indebted or obligated in the amount stated on the notice.
Examination of any notice of government lien will confirm that such liens are made on the basis of military authority. The federal government and all so-called State and local governments are based on the combined legislative power of the President of the United States and the military executive power of the President of the United States of America.
The filing of a notice of government lien creates a fresh error of George Washington’s mistake, to make America a military state. The truth will make you free even if the lie that binds is 221 years old, but to know the truth you have to become a Student. To find out how to enroll, receive searchable Organic Laws and be placed on my e-mail list, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com
Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

A lien is widely defined as a charge against real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty ordinarily arising by operation of law.  Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, also, gives a date of origin for the word, “lien,” of 1531.

The word “lien,” therefore, became part of both unwritten English common law and all other English written laws beginning in 1531.  The joint use of the word “lien” by both unwritten common law and all other forms of English written law was made possible even necessary, because the English monarch could and often did enforce both written and unwritten law systems.  

Today, recorded or filed government liens are common in America, however, the filing or recordation of such a lien must be limited to the territory where the lien is valid.  As only a written lien may be filed or recorded, such liens must be limited to the territory where written law is the exclusive law.  Written law is exclusive in the lands owned by and ceded to the United States of America.

Common law liens are not created by any writing.  At common law a person who makes repairs or improvements to personal property is entitled to the value of those repairs or improvements, when the contract costs of those repairs or improvements are not paid.  These common law liens must be recognized, because the English common law is still the law in 49 of the 50 States, notwithstanding, the assertion that the Constitution of the United States and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof shall be the supreme law of the land.    

The modern meaning of the word “lien” is, then, that it describes in some written form the right, power or authority claimed by any person acting on behalf of government, whether or not that person is in possession of that personal or real property belonging to another, to take the whole or a portion of that property to pay for any alleged debt or other obligation asserted to be the debt or obligation of the person, who claims to be the true owner of the property sought to be taken to discharge the debt or obligation in favor of government.   

The so-called lien used by governments to collect debts and obligations allegedly due to pay taxes, fines, penalties and fees is not a right of an entity that has made repair, improvement or benefit of any kind, as in the case of the English common law.  The government lien is based only on the unsupported assertion that a debt or obligation has not been paid and that property belonging to the debtor or obligor has been located within the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.

The government lien process is merely the proprietary power government has in the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.  That lien process is simple: an allegation is made that a definite amount is due as a debt or obligation, that written claim is filed in the county where property of the alleged debtor or obligor may be found, when such property is located it is seized as if it were contraband.

In summary, the government lien provides the pretext to take the property belonging to another, which is not located on territory belonging to and ceded to the United States of America.  The seizure of another’s property outside the territory of the United States of America can be justified by government as a military occupation condoned by Americans since April 30, 1789.  The only way to determine if the American people want this military occupation to continue is to present them with these facts.

Students who have government liens are needed to test the premises presented in this Post and future Posts.   Prospective Students should be familiar with the 444 Posts on this website and the Organic Laws of the United States of America.  To get the Organic Laws and be placed on my e-mail list, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera          

On April 30, 1789, when George Washington took over the government in America and began to change the law, the English common law was still the law in most places and there was real money.  Slowly, as government began to take over American lives common sense English common law gave way to written law, which could only be understood by experts in written law.

Today, written law cannot be understood, because to make it comprehensible a warning that federal law is limited to the federal government, federal citizens, federal property and the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America would have to follow every enactment clause. 

Survivalists have been planning for decades the imminent collapse of our economy, yet there is no plan for the restoration of the English common law.   Government has tried to replace the common law with a kind of written law that lacks an honest foundation.  Government has used the national military, the national guard and the local police to prop itself up, but it is merely following other unsuccessful governments to an inevitable collapse.   Government is headed toward failure and the American people must know all the law when it finally collapses.

The English common law vocabulary is found in every unabridged English dictionary; I personally recommend the Random House Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language.  The common law crimes will be the easiest to find followed by contract terms.

It may even be possible to avoid an economic collapse, if the people take the law into their own hands by acquiring a firm understanding of the English common law and the Organic Laws of the United States of America sooner rather than later.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera           

George Washington took over the government in America by becoming both President of the United States of America under the authority of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 and President of the United States under the cover of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 and Constitution of the United States.

Every President since George Washington has used the power of the American military to control an ever increasing portion of the economy.  As President of the United States of America, the President is Commander in Chief of all military forces.  As President of the United States, the President is in almost total control of the lawmaking power of Congress and almost in complete control of the federal government.

What can be more powerful than the force of imagined proprietary power over everything American coupled with American military power?  Maybe the Chinese military, but certainly not a Papal Bull or anything else written in Latin, a recognized dead language.  Positive law is not a law; it is a condition of written law.  Roman Canon Law does not target the American military.  I get e-mails that actually suggest our law is to be found offshore.

Don’t fall for hare-brained conspiracy theories, if someone touting these wild ideas can’t explain them in plain English, they just aren’t true.  Fortunately, you have found here a source of truth about law and government.  Still not convinced?  Then go to the United States Government Printing Office Bookstore and order volume one of the United States Code.  The book you will receive will confirm everything I have written in the more than 440 Posts found here.

The book is pricey, so you may want to share its cost with a study group.  All Posts on this site are free mini lessons, so you can start organizing your own study group around them.  To get all the searchable Organic Laws, information about Student enrollment and future Posts e-mailed to you, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera       

      

I went to UCLA Law School from 1968 to 1971, passed the California State Bar Exam in 1972 and practiced law until 2006, when I was disbarred because a United States district court judge issued an order against me called an injunction.  I was enjoined from making certain statements about the federal income tax.  An injunction is a remedy in equity in the federal courts.  

So, now that I can’t tell you the law, I have been teaching ordinary people how to become legal geniuses in their spare time.  Here’s a short sample lesson: the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 eliminated equity in the United States of America by eliminating King George III.  The Lord High Chancellor was appointed by the king to do equity that which was inadequately done by common law. 

When America did away with King George III and English nobility, equity was eliminated as well.  No king, the law is the law.  George Washington, who presided over the secret Constitutional Convention of May 25, 1787 brought equity back by investing the “Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States” in the President.  I’m President, you are pardoned and I will appoint judges who will do equity.

Equity overrides the law and that prerogative was a power of a monarch like King George III.  To make the United States of America like Great Britain, but without the king, Washington had the Constitutional Convention create a bunch of Presidents the most important of which were the President of the United States, the President of the United States of America and the Office of President.  

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 makes provision only for the election of the President of the United States of America and allows for appointment to office of President of the United States and Office of President.   George Washington began the practice of self-appointment to the Office of President of the United States and Congress later enacted legislation that followed the election of the President of the United States of America.

One person holding the two Offices of President: President of the United States and President of the United States of America makes it appear as if one man has both military power, the President of the United States of America under the authority of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 and the local police power, the President of the United States, under the Constitution of the United States.

The piece of glue that hold this house of government cards together is that all this is true and correct in that little understood place called the United States, which turns out to be the lands the United States of America owns and governs.

This would all be impossible to believe if it wasn’t for the four Organic Laws of the United States of America: the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 and the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The Organic Law is the fundamental and basic written law for the United States of America and it will be sent to you in a form that can be searched without cost, if you ask how you can be personally instructed by me.  Contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera              

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