The Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 established the Confederacy known as the United States of America, when on March 1, 1781, Maryland became the thirteenth State to ratify the Articles of Confederation. The “nine Years a Citizen of the United States” requirement to eligibility to be a Senator imposes on a Senator a Citizen’s allegiance to the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.   

The only Organic Law prior to the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 was the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, which declared the United States of America independent from King George III and Great Britain.  Neither the Declaration of Independence nor the Articles of Confederation involved a transfer of territory from the people to the States or to the United States of America, therefore, a citizen of the United States of America, a Confederacy, need not be a resident or a domiciliary of any place or territory.

The Article II Section 1 Clause 5, which sets out the requirements for eligibility to the Office of President limited to that office. The Fourteen Years residency within the United States eligibility, to the Office of President applies from July 4, 1776, the official date of independence from a foreign power, means that office cannot be filled by the President with the executive power, until after July 4, 1790.

The Office of President differs from the President of the United States in that the Constitution of September 17, 1787 imposes no requirements for eligibility to the office of President of the United States.  The same is true for the office of President of the United States of America. The eligibility of the President of the United States of America must be left to the discretion of the sovereign, free and independent States of the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.

The foregoing is a response I made to an Enrolled Student.  It is used here to provide a free lesson on just what happened after the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was ratified by nine States on June 21, 1788. To enroll contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

 

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera   

The expurgated version of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 with amendments was read today in the United States House of Representatives, reportedly for the first time.  Predictably, Congressmen and women did not read from the source recommended to serious Students of the Organic Laws of the United States of America.  The recommended source is Volume One of the United States Code “prepared and published under authority of Title 2, U.S. Code, Section 285b, by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives.”     

The 112th Congress does not want you to know what I have been teaching in these Posts for more than two years.  The Constitution of September 17, 1787 is the fourth Organic Law and the three Organic Laws that precede it limit the Constitution of September 17, 1787 and the Constitution of the United States to the territory and other property owned by the United States of America.  The Preamble says it all.  The people of the United States do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America and not for themselves and their posterity.   

The only way to save this country from a renegade Congress is to become a Student of the Organic Laws of the United States of America and the limited government produced by those laws.  The Congress and the rest of government refuse to recognize the limitations the Organic Laws, so you have to become an Organic Laws  whistleblower.  Volume One of the United States Code is all the evidence you will need, so:

First, go Online to the United States Government Printing Office Bookstore, and order Volume One of the United States Code.  The book costs $103, but it is worth every cent.

Second, start reading every Post and don’t stop until you have read them all.

Third, ask for copies of the Constitution of the United States I had printed at my own expense.  These Constitutions are copies of the version published by the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution.  You must provide a shipping label and postage or donation based on 3 ounces for each Constitution you want at P.O. Box 13295, Torrance, CA 90503.

Fourth, ask me at edrivera@edrivera.com to put you on my e-mail list.

Fifth, ask for the Organic Laws of the United States of America in word searchable form.

Sixth, consider becoming one of my private Students.

 Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

The members of the Congress that enacted the Democrat Health Care Reform Bill have never taken and been bound by the Article VI oath “to support this Constitution,” so the House of Representatives and Senate that make up that Congress are not a branch of any government under the authority of the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The oaths taken by every Congress since the first one convened on March 4, 1789 have been the result of the legislative power of a Congress derived from the proprietary over the Northwest Territory and similar territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.

All members of Congress, however, are bound by the legislative oath they take to support the Constitution of the United States, which consists of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 and the constitution of the federal territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America. 

The word “federal” is derived from the word “Confederacy,” which is created when Maryland the thirteenth State ratifies the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777, and it means of the Confederacy.

The Republicans in Congress could easily limit the Democrat Health Care Reform Bill to the territory owned by the United States of America, but in so doing all federal power would be limited to the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 and the territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.  This is the kind of government contraction the American people want, but which the Congress and the President refuse to acknowledge.

Making sense of all federal legislation begins at the beginning of a new nation ruled by the unwritten law described in the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776.  The Confederacy of the United States of America is formed “for their common defence,” with the proviso that free inhabitants are to have all the privileges and immunities of citizens.  The third Organic Law, the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787, is a temporary form of government for the settlers and inhabitants of the Northwest Territory and other territory belonging to the United States of America.  The fourth Organic Law, the Constitution of September 17, 1787, created a permanent form of the government for the Northwest Territory, which took a commercial form when neither the Congress nor any President adopted the Constitution by taking and subscribing the Article VI oath “to support this Constitution.”

The foregoing history of the Organic Laws of the United States of America shows an even division of those four laws between unwritten and written law.   Federal law is as stated in Article VI Clause 2, “the supreme Law of the Land,” but only in territory owned by and ceded to the United States of America.

Federal law is litigated in United States district courts, where the territorial composition of their districts and divisions is determined according to the following lead sentence in Chapter 5  District Courts of Title 28 Judiciary and Judicial Procedure: “Sections 81 – 131 of this chapter show the territorial composition of districts and divisions by counties as of January 1, 1945.”  Sections 81 to 131 show the 48 States, the two  territories, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico, which means the territorial composition of the judicial districts and divisions is the  federal territory in the counties and parishes.                   

 Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

 

 

 

King George III relinquished Britain’s proprietary power over the Northwest Territory to the original thirteen States in the Treaty of Paris of 1783 and that is the source of the power of Congress to lay and collect taxes on incomes, which is the subject of the Sixteenth Amendment.

Students in my Basic Course in Law and Government learn how George Washington and the rest of the Founding Fathers aborted the adoption of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 by a government bound by written oath “to support this Constitution,” leaving Congress free to “tax” without  any restraints.

You can become a Student by contacting me at edrivera@edrivera.com   

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

The latest constitutional word on federal taxation is the 16th Amendment.  Although it is just one sentence it can be easily misunderstood, if the reader is not well grounded in the Organic Laws and the rules of English grammar. 

The Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776 declares that all men are born equal, but recognizes that some of them may consent to be governed.  Those who consent to be governed by other men may then consent to be taxed.

The Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 established a Confederacy to secure freedom to both those who would govern themselves and those who would consent by voting to be governed by others. 

The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 created a temporary government, which did not provide the option for inhabitants to govern themselves.   All inhabitants were, according to Article IV, required to pay federal taxes to reduce the federal  debt.

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 made the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 permanent, subject to the legislative changes made by the Congress of the United States, whose members do not take an Article VI oath.

The 16th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America/Constitution of the United States   confirmed the power of the Congress to impose taxes on incomes earned within the United States and on incomes of citizens of the United States.

The 16th Amendment: “The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration,” contains an all important first comma, which makes the “power to lay and collect taxes on incomes” a power derived from the proprietary power of the United States of America over the territory and other property owned by the United States of America.  When exercised by the Confederacy, the United States of America, the proprietary power over property is indistinguishable from the power to tax.

The exaction of a portion of income earned from or upon the property of the United States of America  is not subject to apportionment or the rule of uniformity among the United States, because the exercise of the proprietary power is not subject to the Constitution of September 17, 1787 or the Constitution of the United States.

King George III in the Treaty of Paris of 1783 relinquished “all claims to the Government, proprietary and territorial rights” over the original thirteen States and those States delegated that power to the United States of America by the time the Constitution of September 17, 1787 was ratified.  All current federal power is based on proprietary power, the power an owner has over property, and this is taught nowhere else.  To become a Student, contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

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