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Every American President since George Washington has held two offices: President of the United States and President of the United States of America.  The combination of those two Offices duplicated the power and authority of the English monarchs from which Americans declared their independence in the first Organic Law, the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776.

We all know the President of the United States officially heads an Administration, however, those folks who have not taken my Course, the Basic Course in Law and Government, believe they are subjects of that Administration.   George Washington began the Administration of the American people and every President since Washington has continued the notion that government knows best.

The division that exists between the President of the United States and President of the United States of America is significant.  The Constitution imposes only two duties on the President of the United States: signing Bills he approves and objecting to Bills he doesn’t approve.  Article II Section 1 vests the executive power in “a President of the United States of America.”

The President of the United States of America is, according to the Constitution of the United States, elected by the States through Electors now called the Electoral College.  The Constitution makes no provision for the selection of the President of the United States, so the President with executive authority, the President of the United States of America, can make that choice.    George Washington set the precedent of choosing himself to fill both Offices.

George Washington refused to be king so that he could be the American version of king: President of the United States of America and President of the United States.

My Course tells the full story.  To get it for $50, go to my July 7, 2011 Post.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera                        

Alexander Hamilton begins the series of 85 deceptive essays by the suggestion that ratification of “this Constitution,” the Constitution of September 17, 1787, will replace the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.  “After an unequivocal experience of the inefficiency of the subsisting federal government, you are called upon to deliberate on a new Constitution for the United States of America.”

When he wrote the first Federalist Paper, Hamilton knew the federalist plan was to abort the Constitution of September 17, 1787 in favor of the Constitution of the United States George Washington would swear to “preserve, protect and defend.”  George Washington swore this oath on April 30, 1789, knowing he was already President of the United States of America: “I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” “So help me God.”

Neither Hamilton, Washington nor anyone else ever disclosed how George Washington became President of the United States of America on April 6, 1789, when the Electoral votes were counted before the members of Congress.

The Federalist Papers should be called the Federalist Capers in recognition of their successful theft of American freedoms by the over blown flowery language of Hamilton, Jay and Madison.    

The Constitutional Convention of May 25, 1787 was charged by the February 21, 1787 resolution of the Continental Congress with a revision of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.  The Federalist Papers successfully covered up the revision actually accomplished by the Constitutional Convention.     

My July 7, 2011 Post makes all the significant secrets of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 available for $50.  Go there or contact me at edrivera@edrivera.com

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera   

The basis of democracy is the notion of a representative government elected by a simple majority vote.  The age of majority in the Northwest Territory begins at age twenty-one and transitions to age eighteen in the Constitution of the United States.

The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 set forth a temporary government for that district and a property law for what would become the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.  These future States united by the promise of admission into the United States of America by legislative act of  Congress become the “United States” of  the United States of America.

These “United States” of the United States of America will be referred to as “this Union” in the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The United States of “this Union” will reduce the age of majority to eighteen years to distinguish “this Union” and these “United States” from “the Union” and the “United States of America.”   

Article 4 of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 explains the relationship of these “United States” to the Confederacy:  “The said territory, and the States which may be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of this Confederacy of the United States of America, subject to the Articles of Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled, conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of government, to be apportioned on them by Congress according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other States; “      

The eighteen years age of majority has been federal law since June 21, 1788, the date when New Hampshire became the ninth State to ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Students who take my Basic Course in Law and Government are learning how to prove beyond any doubt that federal law is limited to federal territory.  To become a Student, find the special offer I made on July 7, 2011 in the Post for that date.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

Arthur Miller is famous for writing the play, “Death of a Salesman” and marrying Marilyn Monroe.  He was, however, no legal scholar.  The English common law was brought to America along with the English language and has remained the law except in Louisiana and the territory owned by and subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.

The eighteen years age of majority is the result of the power of lawmaking by legislation.  Long after the Salem Witch Hunt the last Continental Congress set forth its proprietary power to make laws for the inhabitants of its territory in the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.

Literary scholars have been very critical of Miller’s treatment of historical fact, but I have found no acknowledgement of Miller’s age of majority error.  Written law has its place and that place is federal territory.  

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

Article I Section 1 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 creates a new Congress:  “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.”   The “legislative Powers” which can be granted by the first nine States to ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787 are the same as are found in Article IX and X of  the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777.  The Congress under the Articles of Confederation legislated when the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 was enacted.  It was those “legislative Powers” which were granted in Article I Section 1, upon the ratification of nine States of the first Union.

The States of the perpetual Union created by the full ratification of the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 ratified the Constitution of September 17, 1787, because they were in on the plot to create a credible basis for a grant of legislative power over the American people.

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 revised the Articles of Confederation by creating a new Congress made up of the Delegates from the States, who were now called Senators and two kinds of Representatives.  The States of the Northwest Territory, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota would elect and send Representatives who could debate, but who could not vote on legislation which applied only to the territory owned by the United States of America.  Representatives from the perpetual Union, the United States of America, were misnamed, because they did not represent the population to which they were apportioned.   These Representatives, however, could vote on the legislation which applied only to those on federal territory.  

Article II Section 1 of the Constitution of September 17, 1787 vests the executive power of the United States of America in a President of the United States of America:  “The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows”

Article III courts exercising the judicial power of the United States of America are never ordained and established, because the Constitution of September 17, 1787 is never adopted, instead, the Congress of the United States of America creates legislative courts limited to the territory owned by and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of America.              

No one can be free without a full and complete knowledge of the law.   My Basic Course in Law and Government will teach you the law.  To become an instant Student find my July 7, 2011 Post and follow the instructions.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera   

The law that determined whether Mary Warren would remain a child or become a woman at age eighteen was the English common law and that law made her a child not a woman at age eighteen.

The Constitution of September 17, 1787 made it possible for a “person” to become at age eighteen a citizen of the United States, a citizen different from the Citizen of the United States, which could only be a Citizen of the United States of America. 

So well hidden was the Article I Section 2 Clause 2 eighteen year old citizen, eighteen year old citizenship had to be made the subject of the Twenty-Six Amendment to the Constitution of the United States in 1971.

To learn how eighteen year old citizenship will be the key to limiting federal  law to federal territory, go to my July 7, 2011 Post and become an instant Student.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

John Proctor: Go to bed, Mary. 
Mary Warren: I’ll not be ordered to bed anymore, Mr. Proctor. I am 18 now and a woman… however single. 
John Proctor: If you wish to sit up, then sit up. 
Mary Warren: I wish to go to bed. 
John Proctor: Good night, then. 
Mary Warren: Good night.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

The Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The Twenty-Sixth Amendment was ratified on July 1, 1971.  The Constitution of the United States was established on June 21, 1788 when New Hampshire became the ninth State to ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  Eighteen year olds became citizens of the United States of  America on June 21, 1788.

Article I Section 2 Clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States: “No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.”

Article I Section 3 Clause 3: “No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.”

The two clauses, which indirectly set forth the qualifications for the Offices of Representative and Senator, clearly identify the two kinds of “Citizens of the United States” recognized by the Constitution of the United States.  The Representatives of the House of Representatives do not represent a district; instead they are apportioned to a population constituted of “free Persons” and others.

Representatives are “apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers.”   The eighteen year old Citizens of the United States resided where the United States of America had been granted the exclusive legislative power.   The name of the Office of Representative had come from the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.  Such Representatives could attend and debate, but could not vote in Congress.

Establishment of  the Constitution of September 17, 1787 as the Constitution of the United States made the eighteen year old Citizen of the United States possible where the English common law of the original thirteen States limited citizenship to those twenty-one years of age and older. 

The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 made the Northwest Territory part of the United States of America, so eighteen year olds ineligible for citizenship in a common law State could qualify for citizenship in any place subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.

The two kinds of Citizens of the United States provided the notice necessary to carry out the lawful change of government accomplished by George Washington and the rest of the so-called Founding Fathers. 

The Constitution of the United States is being unraveled by me and me alone.  If you want to join me and my Students, go to my July 7, 2011 offer of legal instruction.   

 Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

The 9-9-9 Plan is supposed to simplify the present Title 26 tax code by replacing it with a 9% corporate income tax, a 9% personal income tax and a 9% national sales tax. 

Herman Cain’s tax reform plan is far from a simplification.  Both the 9% corporate tax and the 9th national sales tax are nothing more than variations of the 1913 federal individual income tax, which was enacted after the announcement that the Sixteenth Amendment had been ratified by the requisite number of States.

The United States Supreme Court declared the 1894 federal income tax law unconstitutional.  Section 29 of the 1894 tax law imposed a duty to make returns of taxable income on all persons within the United States.  The imposition of a duty to make a return of taxable income made the 1894 federal income law a direct tax.  The 1894 was unconstitutional because it was an unapportioned tax.

The 1913 federal income imposed no duty on individuals to make a return, repealed the 1909 federal corporate excise tax on corporations domestic to the United States and imposed the individual income tax on all corporations which filed returns.

A sales tax is nothing more than an income tax on the gross receipts of a retailer. 

The federal income tax is based like all other federal legislation on the proprietary power of the United States of America.  The proprietary power of the United States of America extends over all territory owned by and subject to the exclusive legislative power of the United States of America.

A new class of the Basic Course in Law and Government is being assembled to study the taxes of George Washington, to become a Student refer to the July 7, 2011 Post.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera    

 

The Declaration of Independence frees the American people from government by declaring them bound to “Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God,” and subject only to the government  with their consent.  The Articles of Confederation requires the several States of that Union, which have sovereignty, freedom and independence, to recognize the people’s freedom from government.  The Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 creates a temporary government for those United States, which have no sovereignty, freedom and independence of their own, because their territory is owned by the Confederacy, the United States of America.   The Constitution of September 17, 1787 only revises the Articles of Confederation, when nine States ratify the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The Constitution of the United States completes and makes the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787 permanent for those United States owned by the United States of America.

There is little freedom in America because so-called reliable authorities such as Wikipedia falsely claim the Articles of Confederation of November 15, 1777 were replaced by some version of the Constitution of September 17, 1787.  The Constitutional Convention of May 25, 1787 was charged with revising the Articles of Confederation.  The Constitutional Convention carried out this revision in such a way as to allow George Washington to fill the Office of President of the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation and the Office of President of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, the permanent version of the Northwest Ordinance of July 13, 1787.

To get a complete set of searchable Organic Laws of  the United States of America ask for more information about my special offer I made on the July 7, 2011 Post.

Dr. Eduardo M. Rivera

 

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